- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:40.39.1-40.39.10
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-11
Due to the delay of his successor, Flaccus begins to ravage Celtiberia, but upon receiving Gracchus's order to bring the army to Tarraco, he starts a retreat. Misinterpreting this as a flight of fear, the barbarians ambush the Romans at the Manlian Pass, where Flaccus calmly marshals and encourages his troops.
eodem anno in Hispania Fulvius Flaccus proconsul, quia successor in provinciam tardius veniebat, educto exercitu ex hibernis ulteriorem Celtiberiae agrum, unde ad deditionem non venerant, institit vastare.
In the same year in Spain, the proconsul Fulvius Flaccus, because his successor was slower in coming into the province, led his army out of winter quarters and began to devastate the further territory of Celtiberia, from where they had not come to surrender.
qua re irritavit magis quam conterruit animos barbarorum; et clam comparatis copiis saltum Manlianum, per quem transiturum exercitum Romanum satis sciebant, obsederunt.
By this action he provoked rather than terrified the minds of the barbarians; and having secretly gathered their forces, they occupied the Manlian Pass, through which they knew well enough that the Roman army would pass.
in Hispaniam ulteriorem eunti L. Postumio Albino collegae Gracchus mandaverat, ut Q. Fulvium certiorem faceret, Tarraconem exercitum adduceret:1
Gracchus had instructed his colleague Lucius Postumius Albinus, who was going to Further Spain, to inform Quintus Fulvius to lead his army to Tarraco:
ibi dimittere veteranos supplementaque distribuere et ordinare omnem exercitum sese velle. dies quoque, et ea propinqua, edita Flacco est, qua successor esset venturus.
for he wished to discharge the veterans there, distribute the reinforcements, and organize the whole army. A date was also given to Flaccus, and that a near one, on which his successor was to arrive.
haec nova adlata res, omissis quae agere instituerat, Flaccum raptim deducere exercitum ex Celtiberia cum coegisset,2 barbari causae ignari, suam defectionem et clam comparata arma sensisse eum et pertimuisse rati, eo ferocius saltum insederunt. ubi eum saltum prima luce agmen Romanum intravit, repente ex duabus partibus simul exorti hostes Romanos invaserunt.
When this newly brought news had compelled Flaccus, abandoning what he had begun to do, to hastily withdraw his army from Celtiberia, the barbarians, ignorant of the cause, and thinking that he had perceived their defection and secretly prepared arms and had become terrified, occupied the pass all the more fiercely. When the Roman column entered that pass at dawn, the enemy, suddenly rising up from two sides at once, attacked the Romans.
quod ubi vidit Flaccus, primos tumultus in agmine per centuriones stare omnes, suo quemque loco, et arma expedire iubendo3 sedavit, et sarcinis iumentisque in unum locum coactis copias omnes partim ipse partim per legatos tribunosque militum, ut tempus, ut locus postulabat, sine ulla trepidatione instruxit, cum bis deditis rem esse4 admonens, scelus et perfidiam illis, non virtutem nec animum accessisse, reditum ignobilem in patriam clarum ac memorabilem eos sibi fecisse: cruentos ex recenti caede hostium gladios et manantia sanguine spolia Romam ad triumphum delaturos.
When Flaccus saw this, he stilled the first confusion in the column by ordering, through the centurions, that all should stand in their own places and get their weapons ready; and having gathered the baggage and beasts of burden into one place, he drew up all the forces, partly in person, partly through his legates and military tribunes, without any panic, as the time and place required. He reminded them that they had to do with men who had twice surrendered, and that crime and perfidy, not courage or spirit, had been added to them; that the enemy had made what would have been an ignoble return to their country glorious and memorable for them; and that they would carry back to Rome for their triumph swords bloody from the recent slaughter of the enemy and spoils dripping with blood.
plura dici tempus non patiebatur: invehebant se hostes, et in partibus extremis iam pugnabatur. deinde acies concurrerunt.
Time did not allow more to be said: the enemy was charging, and the fighting had already begun on the outer edges. Then the battle lines clashed.
- 40.39.3Tarraconem exercitum adduceret
Subjunctive active imperfect. It is an indirect command clause with the omission of ut, depending either on mandaverat or certiorem faceret. It expresses the content of the command Gracchus conveyed to Flaccus via Albinus: 'to lead his army to Tarraco.'
- 40.39.5haec nova adlata res... cum coegisset
Historical cum clause with the subjunctive pluperfect. The subject is haec nova adlata res and the direct object is Flaccum, which takes the infinitive deducere. The inserted phrase omissis quae agere instituerat is an ablative absolute ('abandoning what he had begun to do').
- 40.39.7stare omnes, suo quemque loco, et arma expedire iubendo
The ablative gerund iubendo ('by ordering') governs the accusative and infinitive construction: stare omnes ('all to stand') and arma expedire ('to get weapons ready'). suo quemque loco is an appositive phrase referring to each individual among omnes ('each in his own place').
- 40.39.9cum bis deditis rem esse
rem esse cum... is an idiomatic expression meaning 'to have to do with...' or 'to deal with...' Here, within the indirect speech introduced by admonens ('reminding'), it takes deditis (perfect participle used substantively, 'those who surrendered') to mean 'that they had to do with men who had twice surrendered.'