- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:40.30.1-40.30.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-11
A war breaks out with the Celtiberians in Nearer Hispania, and the Roman praetor Quintus Fulvius Flaccus pitches camp in Carpetania. Both armies face each other with minor skirmishes over several days.
magnum bellum ea aestate coortum in Hispania citeriore. ad quinque et triginta milia1 hominum, quantum numquam ferme antea, Celtiberi comparaverant.
A great war broke out that summer in Nearer Hispania. The Celtiberians had assembled about thirty-five thousand men, a number almost never seen before.
Q. Fulvius Flaccus eam obtinebat provinciam. is quia armare iuventutem Celtiberos audierat, et ipse quanta poterat a sociis auxilia contraxerat, sed nequaquam numero militum hostem aequabat.
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus was governing that province. Because he had heard that the Celtiberians were arming their youth, he himself had also collected as many auxiliaries as he could from the allies, but he was by no means equal to the enemy in the number of his soldiers.
principio veris exercitum in Carpetaniam duxit, et castra locavit ad oppidum Aeburam, modico praesidio in urbe posito.
At the beginning of spring, he led his army into Carpetania and pitched his camp near the town of Aebura, having placed a modest garrison in the town.
paucis post diebus Celtiberi milia duo fere inde sub colle posuerunt castra. quos ubi2 adesse praetor Romanus sensit, M. Fulvium fratrem cum duabus turmis sociorum equitum ad castra hostium speculatum3 misit, quam proxime succedere ad vallum iussum, ut viseret, quanta essent;
A few days later, the Celtiberians pitched their camp about two miles from there under a hill. When the Roman praetor perceived that they were present, he sent his brother Marcus Fulvius with two squadrons of allied cavalry to reconnoiter the enemy’s camp, ordering him to approach as close as possible to the rampart in order to see how numerous they were;
pugna abstineret, reciperetque sese,4 si hostium equitatum exeuntem vidisset. ita ut praeceptum erat fecit. per dies aliquot nihil ultra motum, quam ut5 hae duae turmae ostenderentur, deinde subducerentur, ubi equitatus hostium castris procucurrisset. postremo Celtiberi, simul omnibus copiis peditum equitumque castris egressi, acie derecta medio fere spatio inter bina castra constiterunt.
he was to abstain from battle and retreat if he saw the enemy’s cavalry coming out. He did just as he had been ordered. For several days there was no further movement than that these two squadrons would show themselves and then withdraw when the enemy’s cavalry rushed out of the camp. Finally, the Celtiberians, having all marched out of the camp at once with all their forces of infantry and cavalry, drew up their line of battle and halted about midway between the two camps.
campus erat planus omnis et aptus pugnae. ibi stetere Hispani hostes exspectantes. Romanus suos intra vallum continuit. per quadriduum continuum et illi eodem loco aciem instructam tenuerunt et ab Romanis nihil motum.
The plain was entirely flat and suitable for battle. There the Spanish enemy stood waiting. The Roman kept his men within the rampart. For four consecutive days, they kept their line drawn up in the same place, and no movement was made by the Romans.
inde quievere in castris Celtiberi, quia pugnae copia non fiebat: equites tantum in stationem egrediebantur, ut parati essent, si quid ab hoste moveretur.
Thereafter, the Celtiberians remained quiet in their camp because no opportunity for battle was offered; only the cavalry went out on picket-duty so that they might be ready in case any movement was made by the enemy.
pone castra utrique pabulatum et lignatum ibant, neutri alteros impedientes.
Behind the camps, both sides went to forage and gather wood, neither hindering the other.
- 40.30.1ad quinque et triginta milia
An instance of the preposition ad used adverbially with a numeral to mean 'about' or 'approximately', here meaning 'about thirty-five thousand'.
- 40.30.4quos ubi
The relative pronoun quos acts as a relative connection referring back to the Celtiberi of the previous sentence, and functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive adesse within the temporal ubi-clause.
- 40.30.4speculatum
The supine in -um (accusative) of the deponent verb speculor, used with the verb of motion misit to express purpose ('to reconnoiter').
- 40.30.5pugna abstineret, reciperetque sese
These clauses function as indirect commands depending on the participle iussum in the preceding sentence, with the conjunction ut omitted, utilizing the imperfect subjunctive (abstineret, reciperet). Although iubeo typically takes an accusative and infinitive, here it transitions into a subjunctive clause conveying the content of the order.
- 40.30.5nihil ultra motum, quam ut
The construction nihil ultra... quam ut means 'nothing further [was done] than that...', introducing result-like or restrictive subjunctive clauses with ostenderentur and subducerentur.