- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:28.23.1-28.23.8
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-31
Astapa was completely destroyed without leaving any plunder, and Marcius returned to Scipio after securing the surrender of the surrounding region. Subsequently, upon receiving an offer from deserters of Gades, Marcius and Laelius were dispatched for a joint operation.
atque haec tamen caedes ab impetu hostium iratorum ac tum maxime dimicantium iure belli in armatos repugnantesque edebatur;
And yet, this slaughter was inflicted by the onset of angry enemies who were then especially fighting, according to the law of war, upon those who were armed and resisting;
foedior alia in urbe trucidatio erat, cum turbam feminarum puerorumque inbellem inermemque cives sui caederent et in succensum rogum semianima pleraque inicerent corpora, rivique sanguinis flammam orientem restinguerent;1 postremo ipsi, caede miseranda suorum fatigati, cum armis medio incendio se iniecerunt.
the other massacre inside the city was more foul, when their own citizens were butchering the helpless and unarmed crowd of women and children, and throwing most of their half-dead bodies into the lighted pyre, and rivers of blood were quenching the rising flame; finally, they themselves, exhausted by the pitiable slaughter of their own people, threw themselves with their arms into the midst of the fire.
iam caedi perpetratae victores Romani supervenerunt. ac primo conspectu tam foedae rei mirabundi parumper obstupuerunt;
Now the victorious Romans came upon the slaughter already perpetrated. And at the first sight of so foul a thing, wondering, they stood astonished for a moment;
dein cum aurum argentumque cumulo rerum aliarum interfulgens aviditate ingenii humani rapere ex igni vellent, correpti alii flamma sunt, alii ambusti adflatu vaporis, cum receptus primis urgente ab tergo ingenti turba non esset.2
then, when they wished, out of the greed of human nature, to snatch from the fire the gold and silver shining among the heap of other things, some were caught by the flame, others were scorched by the blast of heat, since there was no retreat for the foremost because a huge crowd was pressing from behind.
ita Astapa sine praeda militum ferro ignique absumpta est. Marcius ceteris eius regionis metu in deditionem acceptis victorem exercitum Carthaginem ad Scipionem reduxit. per eos ipsos dies perfugae a Gadibus venerunt, pollicentes urbem Punicumque praesidium, quod in ea urbe esset, et imperatorem praesidii cum classe prodituros esse.
Thus Astapa, without any plunder for the soldiers, was consumed by sword and fire. Marcius, having received the rest of that region into surrender through fear, led the victorious army back to Scipio at Carthage. During those very days, deserters came from Gades, promising that they would deliver up the city, the Carthaginian garrison that was in that city, and the commander of the garrison with the fleet.
Mago ibi ex fuga substiterat navibusque in Oceano collectis aliquantum auxiliorum et trans fretum ex Africa ora et ex proximis Hispaniae locis per Hannonem praefectum coegerat.
Mago had halted there after his flight, and having collected ships in the Ocean, had gathered a considerable number of auxiliaries from the coast of Africa across the strait and from the nearest places of Spain through Hanno the prefect.
fide accepta dataque perfugis et Marcius eo cum expeditis cohortibus et Laelius cum septem triremibus, quinqueremi una est missus,3 ut terra marique communi consilio rem gererent.
Faith having been given and received with the deserters, both Marcius was sent there with light-armed cohorts, and Laelius with seven triremes and one quinquereme, so that they might conduct the operation by land and sea with a common plan.
- 28.23.2cum ... caederent ... inicerent ... restinguerent
This is a historical cum clause with the imperfect subjunctive, vividly describing the circumstances of the main clause foedior alia in urbe trucidatio erat. The subject of restinguerent is the plural noun rivi.
- 28.23.4receptus primis urgente ab tergo ingenti turba non esset
Within the causal cum clause, the ablative absolute phrase urgente ab tergo ingenti turba (with a huge crowd pressing from behind) is inserted. receptus is a fourth-declension noun in the nominative singular ('retreat, withdrawal') used with the dative primis ('for the foremost').
- 28.23.8Marcius ... et Laelius ... est missus
Although the subject consists of two persons, Marcius and Laelius, the verb est missus is in the singular. This is a case of grammatical agreement with the nearer subject (Laelius), though semantically both were sent.