- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:25.17.1-25.17.7
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-27
Multiple conflicting accounts exist regarding the location, circumstances, and funeral of Gracchus's death, including theories that he was killed while bathing in the river Calor, surrounded by Numidians, or given an honorable funeral by Hannibal.
sunt qui in agro Beneventano prope Calorem fluvium contendant1 a castris cum lictoribus ac tribus servis lavandi causa progressum, cum forte inter salicta innata ripis laterent hostes, nudum atque inermem saxisque, quae volvit amnis, propugnantem interfectum.
There are those who contend that in the territory of Beneventum, near the river Calor, he went out from the camp with his lictors and three slaves for the purpose of bathing, and when by chance the enemy lay hid among the willows growing on the banks, he, naked and unarmed, defending himself with the stones which the river rolled down, was slain.
sunt qui haruspicum monitu quingentos passus a castris progressum, uti loco puro ea quae ante dicta prodigia sunt procuraret, ab insidentibus forte locum duabus turmis Numidarum circumventum scribant. adeo nec locus nec ratio mortis in viro tam claro et insigni constat. funeris quoque Gracchi varia est fama.
There are those who write that, on the advice of the haruspices, having gone out five hundred paces from the camp in order to expiate those prodigies which were mentioned before in a clean place, he was surrounded by two troops of Numidians who happened to occupy the place. Thus neither the place nor the manner of death is certain in the case of a man so famous and distinguished. The report of Gracchus’s funeral is also various.
alii in castris Romanis sepultum ab suis, alii ab Hannibale — et ea vulgatior fama est — tradunt in vestibulo Punicorum castrorum rogum extructum esse, armatum exercitum decucurrisse2 cum tripudiis Hispanorum motibusque armorum et corporum suae cuique genti adsuetis, ipso Hannibale omni rerum verborumque honore exequias celebrante. haec tradunt, qui in Lucanis rei gestae auctores sunt.
Some hand down that he was buried in the Roman camp by his own men; others, that by Hannibal—and this is the more common report—a pyre was built in the vestibule of the Carthaginian camp, and that the armed army marched in procession with the dances of the Spaniards and the motions of weapons and bodies accustomed to each nation, while Hannibal himself celebrated the funeral rites with every honor of deeds and words. Those who are the authors of the event in Lucania hand down these things.
si illis, qui ad Calorem fluvium interfectum memorant, credere velis,3 capitis tantum Gracchi hostes potiti sunt;
If you should wish to believe those who record that he was killed near the river Calor, the enemy got possession of only the head of Gracchus;
eo delato ad Hannibalem, missus ab eo confestim Carthalo, qui in castra Romana ad Cn. Cornelium quaestorem deferret. is4 funus imperatoris in castris celebrantibus cum exercitu Beneventanis fecit.
when this was brought to Hannibal, Carthalo was immediately sent by him to deliver it to the quaestor Gnaeus Cornelius in the Roman camp. He celebrated the funeral of the general in the camp together with the people of Beneventum who were performing the rites with the army.
- 25.17.1sunt qui ... contendant
The construction 'sunt qui' with the relative pronoun is followed by the subjunctive 'contendant' (subjunctive of characteristic). It governs the accusative-with-infinitve construction with the omitted subject accusative 'Gracchum', where the auxiliary 'esse' is omitted in both 'progressum [esse]' and 'interfectum [esse]' in §25.17.2.
- 25.17.5decucurrisse
The perfect infinitive of 'decurro' (to march or run in armor as a funeral rite). It serves as the infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by the main verb 'tradunt' (they hand down) in §25.17.4, with 'armatum exercitum' (the armed army) as its subject accusative.
- 25.17.6si ... credere velis
The present subjunctive 'velis' in the conditional clause is a potential expression with a generalized second-person subject ('if you should wish to believe'). The apodosis contains the indicative perfect 'potiti sunt' stating a historical fact.
- 25.17.7is
This demonstrative pronoun refers to the Roman quaestor, Cn. Cornelius, introduced in the preceding relative clause. It designates him as the one who celebrated the funeral of general Gracchus in the camp together with the people of Beneventum (Beneventanis) who performed the rites with the army.