- Source
- Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.32.14-10.32.19
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-04
The text describes the rituals of the festival of Isis held twice a year in Tithorea, the rules of sacrifice, and the miraculous stories of those who died after intruding into her inner shrine. It also mentions the high quality of olive oil produced in Tithorea.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Τιθορέων καὶ δὶς ἑκάστου τοῦ ἔτους τῇ Ἴσιδι πανήγυριν ἄγουσι, τὴν μὲν τῷ ἦρι, τὴν δὲ μετοπωρινήν· τρίτῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ πρότερον κατὰ ἑκατέραν τῶν πανηγύρεων, ὅσοις ἐστὶν ἐσελθεῖν ἄδεια, τὸ ἄδυτον ἐκκαθαίρουσι τρόπον τινὰ ἀπόρρητον, καὶ δὴ καὶ τῶν ἱερείων ἃ ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας ἐνεβλήθη πανηγύρεως, τούτων ὁπόσα ἂν ὑπολειπόμενα εὕρωσι κομίζουσιν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ ἀεὶ χωρίον καὶ κατορύσσουσιν ἐνταῦθα· δύο τε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου στάδια ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα ἐς τοῦτο εἶναι τὸ χωρίον.
In the land of the Tithoreans, they hold a festival for Isis twice every year, one in the spring and the other in autumn. Three days before each of the festivals, those who have permission to enter cleanse the inner shrine in a certain secret manner; and indeed, of the victims that were thrown in during the previous festival, whatever remains they find, they carry to the same place always and bury there; and we estimated that this place is two stades distant from the inner shrine.
ταύτῃ μὲν δὴ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοσαῦτα περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν δρῶσι, τῇ δὲ ἐπιούσῃ σκηνὰς οἱ καπηλεύοντες ποιοῦνται καλάμου τε καὶ ἄλλης ὕλης αὐτοσχεδίου· τῇ τελευταίᾳ δὲ τῶν τριῶν πανηγυρίζουσι πιπράσκοντες καὶ ἀνδράποδα καὶ κτήνη τὰ πάντα, ἔτι δὲ ἐσθῆτας καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσόν·
Now on this day they perform these things around the sanctuary, but on the next day the merchants build booths of reeds and other improvised materials. On the last of the three days, they hold a fair, selling both slaves and all kinds of cattle, and also clothing, silver, and gold.
μετὰ δὲ μεσοῦσαν τὴν ἡμέραν τρέπονται πρὸς θυσίαν. θύουσι δὲ καὶ βοῦς καὶ ἐλάφους οἱ εὐδαιμονέστεροι, ὅσοι δέ εἰσιν ἀποδέοντες πλούτῳ, καὶ χῆνας καὶ ὄρνιθας τὰς μελεαγρίδας· οἰσὶ δὲ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν οὐ νομίζουσιν οὐδὲ ὑσὶ χρῆσθαι καὶ αἰξίν. ὅσοις μὲν δὴ καθαγίσασι τὰ ἱερεῖα ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ἀποστεῖλαι πεποιημένους ἀρχήν, καθελίξαι δεῖ σφᾶς1 τὰ ἱερεῖα λίνου τελαμῶσιν ἢ βύσσου· τρόπος δὲ τῆς σκευασίας ἐστὶν ὁ Αἰγύπτιος.
After midday they turn to the sacrifice. The wealthier sacrifice both oxen and deer, and those who are lacking in wealth sacrifice geese and guinea-fowl; but they do not think it right to use sheep, pigs, or goats for the sacrifice. Those who, having slaughtered the victims, have made it their first task to send them into the inner shrine, must wrap the victims in bandages of linen or papyrus; and the manner of preparation is the Egyptian one.
πομπεύει τε δὴ πάντα ὅσα ἔθυσαν καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον τὰ ἱερεῖα ἐσπέμπουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἔμπροσθε τοῦ ἀδύτου καθαγίζουσι τὰς σκηνὰς καὶ ἀποχωροῦσιν αὐτοὶ σπουδῇ. καί φασί ποτε ἄνθρωπον οὐ τῶν καταβαινόντων ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον, βέβηλον δέ, ἡνίκα ἤρχετο ἡ πυρὰ καίεσθαι, τηνικαῦτα ἐσελθεῖν ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ὑπὸ πολυπραγμοσύνης τε καὶ τόλμης· καί οἱ πάντα ἀνάπλεα εἰδώλων φαίνεσθαι, καὶ ἀναστρέψαι μὲν αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν Τιθορέαν, διηγησάμενον δὲ ἃ ἐθεάσατο ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν.
And so all the things they sacrificed go in procession; and some send the victims into the inner shrine, while others, in front of the inner shrine, burn the booths and withdraw in haste themselves. And they say that once a man who was not of those permitted to go down into the inner shrine, but a profane person, entered the inner shrine out of curiosity and boldness, just when the fire was beginning to burn; and it seemed to him that everything was full of phantoms, and though he returned to Tithorea, after relating what he had beheld, he gave up his ghost.
ἐοικότα δὲ ἀνδρὸς ἤκουσα Φοίνικος, ἄγειν τῇ Ἴσιδι Αἰγυπτίους τὴν ἑορτήν, ὅτε αὐτὴν τὸν Ὄσιριν πενθεῖν λέγουσι· τηνικαῦτα δὲ καὶ ὁ Νεῖλος ἀναβαίνειν σφίσιν ἄρχεται, καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων πολλοῖς ἐστιν εἰρημένα ὡς τὰ αὔξοντα τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ ἄρδειν τὰς ἀρούρας ποιοῦντα δάκρυά ἐστι τῆς Ἴσιδος.2 τότε οὖν τὸν Ῥωμαῖον, ὃς ἐπετέτραπτο Αἴγυπτον, ἄνδρα ἔφη χρήμασιν ἀναπείσαντα ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον καταπέμψαι τῆς Ἴσιδος τὸ ἐν Κόπτῳ· καὶ ὁ ἐσπεμφθεὶς ἀνέστρεψε μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου, διηγησάμενον δὲ ὁπόσα ἐθεάσατο καὶ τοῦτον αὐτίκα ἐπυνθανόμην τελευτῆσαι. τὸ ἔπος οὖν ἀληθεύειν ἔοικε τὸ Ὁμήρου, σὺν οὐδενὶ αἰσίῳ τοὺς θεοὺς τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐναργῶς ὁρᾶσθαι.
And I heard a similar story from a Phoenician man, that the Egyptians hold the festival for Isis at the time when they say she mourns for Osiris; at that time also the Nile begins to rise for them, and it is said by many of the natives that the tears of Isis are what swell the river and cause it to water the fields. Then, therefore, the Roman who had been entrusted with Egypt, having persuaded a man with money, sent him down into the inner shrine of Isis at Coptos; and he who was sent returned indeed from the inner shrine, but after relating all that he had beheld, I heard that he also died immediately. Therefore the verse of Homer seems to be true, that the gods do not appear to the race of men with any good omen when they are seen vividly.
τὸ δὲ ἔλαιον τὸ ἐν τῇ Τιθορέων ἀποδεῖ μὲν πλήθει τοῦ τε Ἀττικοῦ καὶ τοῦ Σικυωνίου, χρόᾳ δὲ ὑπερβάλλει καὶ ἡδονῇ τὸ Ἰβηρικὸν καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῆς νήσου τῆς Ἰστρίας· καὶ μύρα τε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ παντοῖα ἑψοῦσι καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον ὡς βασιλέα ἄγουσιν.3
The olive oil in the land of the Tithoreans is inferior in quantity to that of Attica and Sicyon, but in color and sweetness it surpasses the Iberian oil and that from the island of Istria; and they boil all kinds of ointments from it, and they carry the olive oil to the King.
- 10.32.16ὅσοις μὲν δὴ καθαγίσασι τὰ ἱερεῖα ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ἀποστεῖλαι πεποιημένους ἀρχήν, καθελίξαι δεῖ σφᾶς
There is a case confusion (anacoluthon) where the dative ὅσοις... καθαγίσασι is introduced at the beginning, but the subject of the infinitive καθελίξαι under δεῖ is expressed in the accusative σφᾶς along with the accusative participle πεποιημένους. The phrase πεποιημένους ἀρχήν is an idiomatic expression meaning 'having made it their first task'.
- 10.32.18ὡς τὰ αὔξοντα τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ ἄρδειν τὰς ἀρούρας ποιοῦντα δάκρυά ἐστι τῆς Ἴσιδος
Within the ὡς clause, δάκρυα (tears) is the subject, while the articular participles τὰ αὔξοντα... καὶ... ποιοῦντα serve as the predicate. The participle ποιοῦντα governs the infinitive ἄρδειν in a causative sense, meaning 'causing [the river] to water'.
- 10.32.19ὡς βασιλέα ἄγουσιν
The word βασιλεύς (king) without the definite article traditionally refers to the 'King of Persia' in Greek classical contexts. Thus, the phrase means 'they carry [it] to the King of Persia [as a tribute]'.