- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.231.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-07
The social isolation and disgrace experienced by Aristodemus upon his return to Sparta as a "runaway" is described, along with his subsequent redemption at the Battle of Plataea.
ἀπονοστήσας δὲ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ὁ Ἀριστόδημος εἶχε ὄνειδός τε καὶ ἀτιμίην· πάσχων δὲ τοιάδε ἠτίμωτο·1 οὔτε οἱ2 πῦρ οὐδεὶς ἔναυε Σπαρτιητέων οὔτε διελέγετο. ὄνειδος δὲ εἶχε ὁ τρέσας3 Ἀριστόδημος καλεόμενος. ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν τῇ ἐν Πλαταιῇσι μάχῃ ἀνέλαβε4 πᾶσαν τὴν ἐπενειχθεῖσαν αἰτίην·
But when Aristodemus returned to Lacedaemon, he met with disgrace and dishonor; and being treated in the following way, he was held in dishonor: no one of the Spartans would give him fire, nor would anyone speak with him. He also bore the disgrace of being called “Aristodemus the Runaway.” However, in the battle at Plataea, he retrieved all the blame that had been cast upon him.
- 7.231.1ἠτίμωτο
Pluperfect passive of the verb ἀτιμόω, indicating the ongoing state of 'atimia' (dishonor or deprivation of civic rights) in Sparta. The specific details of this social exclusion are explained in the following sentence starting with οὔτε.
- 7.231.1οἱ
Third-person singular dative pronoun, equivalent to αὐτῷ in classical Attic. Here it means 'to him' or 'for him', referring to the person to whom fire was not to be given.
- 7.231.1ὁ τρέσας
Substantive use of the aorist participle of τρέω (to tremble, flee). It was a formal derogatory term used in Sparta to designate a 'runaway' or 'coward' who fled from battle, functioning as a social brand of dishonor.
- 7.231.1ἀνέλαβε
Aorist of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω (to take up again, retrieve, recover). Here it means 'to retrieve one's honor' or 'to wipe out disgrace'. Literally, 'he retrieved all the blame (αἰτίην) that had been brought against him.'