- Source
- Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.285-11.356
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-30
Observing Agamemnon's departure, Hector rallies the Trojans to initiate a fierce offensive, driving the Achaeans to the brink of ruin. Amidst this crisis, Diomedes and Odysseus stand their ground, repelling Hector to save their comrades.
Τρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·
He called to the Trojans and Lycians, shouting aloud:
Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ
”Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians who fight hand-to-hand,
ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.
be men, my friends, and remember furious valor.
οἴχετʼ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος, ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκε
The best man is gone, and to me Zeus, son of Cronos, has given great glory.
Ζεὺς Κρονίδης· ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς ἐλαύνετε μώνυχας ἵππους
But drive your single-hoofed horses straight
ἰφθίμων Δαναῶν, ἵνʼ ὑπέρτερον εὖχος ἄρησθε.1
against the valiant Danaans, so that you may win a greater glory.”
ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.
So saying, he stirred the strength and spirit of each man.
ὡς δʼ ὅτε πού τις θηρητὴρ κύνας ἀργιόδοντας
And just as when some hunter urges his white-toothed hounds
σεύῃ ἐπʼ ἀγροτέρῳ συῒ καπρίῳ ἠὲ λέοντι,
against a wild boar or a lion,
ὣς ἐπʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν σεῦε Τρῶας μεγαθύμους
so did Hector, son of Priam, like bane-of-mortals Ares,
Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ.
urge the great-hearted Trojans against the Achaeans.
αὐτὸς δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει,
He himself strode in the forefront, high in spirit,
ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὑσμίνῃ ὑπεραέϊ ἶσος ἀέλλῃ,
and fell upon the conflict like a fiercely blowing tempest
ἥ τε καθαλλομένη ἰοειδέα πόντον ὀρίνει.
which leaps down and rouses the violet-hued sea.
ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξεν
Whom then first, and whom last did he despoil,
Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν;
Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus gave him glory?
Ἀσαῖον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Αὐτόνοον καὶ Ὀπίτην
Asaeus first, and Autonous, and Opites,
καὶ Δόλοπα Κλυτίδην καὶ Ὀφέλτιον ἠδʼ Ἀγέλαον
and Dolops, son of Clytius, and Opheltius, and Agelaus,
Αἴσυμνόν τʼ Ὦρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόνοον μενεχάρμην.
and Aesymnus, and Orus, and Hipponous, steadfast in battle.
τοὺς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἡγεμόνας Δαναῶν ἕλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα
These leaders of the Danaans he slew, and thereafter
πληθύν, ὡς ὁπότε νέφεα Ζέφυρος στυφελίξῃ
the multitude, as when the West Wind drives the clouds
ἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο βαθείῃ λαίλαπι τύπτων·
of the clearing South Wind, smiting them with a deep tempest;
πολλὸν δὲ τρόφι κῦμα κυλίνδεται, ὑψόσε δʼ ἄχνη
and many a swollen wave rolls, and on high the spray
σκίδναται ἐξ ἀνέμοιο πολυπλάγκτοιο ἰωῆς·
is scattered by the blast of the wandering wind;
ὣς ἄρα πυκνὰ καρήαθʼ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι δάμνατο λαῶν.
even so were the heads of the host subdued in thick array beneath Hector.
ἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην2 καὶ ἀμήχανα ἔργα γένοντο,
Then would there have been ruin, and helpless deeds been done,
καί νύ κεν ἐν νήεσσι πέσον φεύγοντες Ἀχαιοί,
and the fleeing Achaeans would have fallen among the ships,
εἰ μὴ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ κέκλετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·
had not Odysseus called to Diomedes, son of Tydeus:
Τυδεΐδη τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα3 θούριδος ἀλκῆς;
”Son of Tydeus, what has come over us that we have forgotten our furious valor?
ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵσταο· δὴ γὰρ ἔλεγχος
Come hither, friend, and stand by me; for surely it will be a shame
ἔσσεται εἴ κεν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.
if Hector of the flashing helm should take the ships.”
τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·
And in answer to him spoke strong Diomedes:
ἤτοι ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι· ἀλλὰ μίνυνθα
”Of a truth I will remain and endure; but short-lived
ἡμέων ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς
will be our profit, since Zeus the cloud-gatherer
Τρωσὶν δὴ βόλεται δοῦναι κράτος ἠέ περ ἡμῖν.
wills to give victory to the Trojans rather than to us.”
ἦ καὶ Θυμβραῖον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε
He spoke, and thrust Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground,
δουρὶ βαλὼν κατὰ μαζὸν ἀριστερόν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς
striking him with his spear on the left breast; while Odysseus slew
ἀντίθεον θεράποντα Μολίονα τοῖο ἄνακτος.
Molion, the godlike squire of that king.
τοὺς μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασαν, ἐπεὶ πολέμου ἀπέπαυσαν·
These then they let lie, since they had made them cease from war;
τὼ δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰόντε κυδοίμεον, ὡς ὅτε κάπρω
but the two went through the throng and wrought havoc, as when two wild boars
ἐν κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε πέσητον·
fall in high spirit upon the hunting hounds;
ὣς ὄλεκον Τρῶας πάλιν ὀρμένω· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ
so they turned again and slew the Trojans; and the Achaeans
ἀσπασίως φεύγοντες ἀνέπνεον Ἕκτορα δῖον.
gladly took breath again in their flight from noble Hector.
ἔνθʼ ἑλέτην δίφρόν τε καὶ ἀνέρε δήμου ἀρίστω
Then they took a chariot and two men, the best of their people,
υἷε δύω Μέροπος Περκωσίου, ὃς περὶ πάντων
the two sons of Merops of Percote, who beyond all men
ᾔδεε μαντοσύνας, οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας ἔασκε
knew prophecy, and would not suffer his sons
στείχειν ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα· τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι
to go into the man-destroying war; yet the two
πειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο.4
would in no wise hearken to him, for the fates of black death led them.
τοὺς μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Διομήδης
These Diomedes, son of Tydeus, famous with the spear,
θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδὼν κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀπηύρα·
robbed of spirit and life, and despoiled them of their glorious armor;
Ἱππόδαμον δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ Ὑπείροχον ἐξενάριξεν.
and Odysseus slew Hippodamus and Hypeirochus.
ἔνθά σφιν κατὰ ἶσα μάχην ἐτάνυσσε Κρονίων
Then the son of Cronos stretched the line of battle even for them,
ἐξ Ἴδης καθορῶν· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον.
looking down from Ida; and they kept slaying one another.
ἤτοι Τυδέος υἱὸς Ἀγάστροφον οὔτασε δουρὶ
Indeed, the son of Tydeus wounded Agastrophus,
Παιονίδην ἥρωα κατʼ ἰσχίον· οὐ δέ οἱ ἵπποι
the hero, son of Paeon, on the hip with his spear; and his horses
ἐγγὺς ἔσαν προφυγεῖν, ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ.5
were not near for flight, but he was greatly blinded in his mind.
τοὺς μὲν γὰρ θεράπων ἀπάνευθʼ ἔχεν, αὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς
For his squire held them aloof, while he on foot
θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν.
raged through the foremost fighters, until he lost his dear life.
Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς
But Hector marked it quickly through the ranks, and rushed upon them
κεκλήγων· ἅμα δὲ Τρώων εἵποντο φάλαγγες.
with a shout; and with him followed the battalions of the Trojans.
τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,
At sight of him Diomedes, good at the war-cry, shuddered,
αἶψα δʼ Ὀδυσσῆα προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·
and straightway spoke to Odysseus who was near:
νῶϊν δὴ τόδε πῆμα κυλίνδεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ·
”Upon the two of us is this ruin rolling, even mighty Hector;
ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες.
but come, let us stand and ward him off where we are.”
ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος
He spoke, and brandishing his far-shadowing spear let it fly,
καὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε τιτυσκόμενος κεφαλῆφιν,
and struck him, nor did he miss, aiming at his head,
ἄκρην κὰκ κόρυθα· πλάγχθη δʼ ἀπὸ χαλκόφι χαλκός,
on the top of the helmet; but bronze was turned back by bronze,
οὐδʼ ἵκετο χρόα καλόν· ἐρύκακε γὰρ τρυφάλεια
and did not reach his fair flesh; for the three-layered, crested helmet stayed it,
τρίπτυχος αὐλῶπις, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.
which Phoebus Apollo had given him.
Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὦκʼ ἀπέλεθρον ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ,
And Hector quickly sprang back a great distance, and mingled with the throng,
στῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπὼν καὶ ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ
and fell upon his knees and stayed himself with his stout hand
γαίης· ἀμφὶ δὲ ὄσσε κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.
on the earth; and dark night enfolded his eyes.
- 11.290ἵνʼ ὑπέρτερον εὖχος ἄρησθε
A purpose clause introduced by ἵνα with the subjunctive ἄρησθε (second-person plural aorist middle of ἀείρω / αἴρω), meaning 'in order that you may win a greater (ὑπέρτερον) glory.'
- 11.310ἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην
An unreal past apodosis expressed by κε (= ἄν) with the imperfect indicative ἔην (= ἦν), meaning 'then there would have been ruin (if something had not occurred),' highlighting a moment of dramatic crisis.
- 11.313τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα
A combination of the dual nominative participle παθόντε and the first-person plural verb λελάσμεθα (perfect middle-passive of λανθάνω, used actively as 'we have forgotten'). This is the dual form of the idiom τί παθών; ('why', 'what has happened to us that...').
- 11.332κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο
The genitive μέλανος θανάτοιο ('of black death') depends on either the verb ἄγον or the noun κῆρες as a genitive of destination or attribute, expressing the inevitability of the fate leading them to their death.
- 11.340ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ
The verb ἀάσατο (aorist middle of ἀάω) means 'was blinded, committed a grave error.' combined with θυμῷ (dative of respect or place, 'in his mind'), it refers to Agastrophus's reckless mistake of leaving his horses far behind and fighting on foot.