← Diogenes Laertius

Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers

§6.3.82-6.3.83

Monimus: Conversion to Philosophy, Sayings, and Writings

An account of Diogenes' disciple Monimus, who feigned madness to escape his master the banker and follow philosophy, together with Menander's comic reference to him, his famous maxim, and a list of his works.

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Μόνιμος Συρακόσιος μαθητὴς μὲν Διογένους, οἰκέτης δέ τινος τραπεζίτου Κορινθίου, καθά φησι Σωσικράτης. πρὸς τοῦτον συνεχὲς ἀφικνούμενος ὁ Ξενιάδης ὁ τὸν Διογένην ἐωνημένος τὴν ἀρετὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν ἔργων καὶ τῶν λόγων διηγούμενος εἰς ἔρωτα τἀνδρὸς ἐνέβαλε τὸν Μόνιμον. αὐτίκα γὰρ ἐκεῖνος μανίαν προσποιηθεὶς τό τε κέρμα διερρίπτει καὶ πᾶν τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης ἀργύριον, ἕως αὐτὸν ὁ δεσπότης παρῃτήσατο· καὶ ὃς εὐθέως Διογένους ἦν. παρηκολούθησε δὲ καὶ Κράτητι τῷ κυνικῷ συχνὰ καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων εἴχετο, ὅτε καὶ μᾶλλον ὁρῶν αὐτὸν ὁ δεσπότης ἐδόκει μαίνεσθαι1.

​Monimus of Syracuse was a disciple of Diogenes, but a household slave of a certain Corinthian banker, as Sosicrates says. Xeniades, who had purchased Diogenes, visited this banker continually and, by recounting Diogenes' excellence in both deeds and words, cast Monimus into a passionate longing for the man. For he immediately feigned madness and began flinging about the small coins and all the silver money on the table, until his master dismissed him; and he at once belonged to Diogenes. He also frequently followed Crates the Cynic and held fast to similar pursuits, at which time the master, seeing him, thought all the more that he was mad.

Ἐγένετο δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐλλόγιμος, ὡς καὶ Μένανδρον αὐτοῦ τὸν κωμικὸν μεμνῆσθαι. ἔν τινι γοῦν τῶν δραμάτων ἐν τῷ Ἱπποκόμῳ εἶπεν οὕτως· "Μόνιμός τις ἦν ἄνθρωπος, ὦ Φίλων, σοφός, ἀδοξότερος μικρῷ δʼ. Α. ὁ τὴν πήραν ἔχων; Β. πήρας μὲν οὖν τρεῖς· ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνος ῥῆμά τι ἐφθέγξατʼ οὐδὲν ἐμφερές, μὰ τὸν Δία, τῷ γνῶθι σαυτόν, οὐδὲ τοῖς βοωμένοις τούτοις, ὑπὲρ δὲ ταῦθʼ ὁ προσαιτῶν καὶ ῥυπῶν· τὸ γὰρ ὑποληφθὲν τῦφον εἶναι πᾶν ἔφη2." οὗτος μὲν ἐμβριθέστατος ἐγένετο, ὥστε δόξης μὲν καταφρονεῖν, πρὸς δʼ ἀλήθειαν παρορμᾶν. Γέγραφε δὲ παίγνια σπουδῇ λεληθυίᾳ μεμιγμένα καὶ Περὶ ὁρμῶν δύο καὶ Προτρεπτικόν.

​And he became a distinguished man, so that even the comic poet Menander mentioned him. In one of his plays, at any rate, in *The Groom*, he spoke as follows: "There was a certain Monimus, Philon, a wise man, though somewhat less famous. A: The one who had the knapsack? B: Knapsacks, indeed, three of them! But that man uttered a saying, by Zeus, not at all like 'Know thyself,' nor like those oft-shouted sayings, but far above them—that beggar, covered in filth! For he said that everything supposed is mere smoke." He became an exceedingly grave man, so as to despise mere reputation, but to press eagerly toward truth. He wrote playful pieces mixed with covert seriousness, as well as two books *On Impulses* and an *Exhortation*.

Syntax notes2 items
  1. 6.3.82ὁρῶν αὐτὸν ὁ δεσπότης ἐδόκει μαίνεσθαι

    Two syntactic interpretations are possible for the main verb ἐδόκει: (1) taking ὁ δεσπότης as the subject with the active sense of judging ("the master thought [that he] was mad"), supplying an understood subject accusative αὐτόν for μαίνεσθαι; or (2) taking Monimus as the personal subject of ἐδόκει ("he seemed to be mad"), which leaves ὁρῶν αὐτὸν ὁ δεσπότης as an anacoluthon or nominativus pendens. Interpretation (1) is adopted as grammatically sounder, taking the nominative participle ὁρῶν in direct concord with ὁ δεσπότης.

  2. 6.3.83τὸ γὰρ ὑποληφθὲν τῦφον εἶναι πᾶν ἔφη

    An accusative and infinitive construction in indirect discourse. The subject accusative is τὸ ὑποληφθὲν ... πᾶν ("everything supposed / all human assumption"), separated by hyperbaton, while τῦφον ("smoke, vanity, illusion") functions as the predicate accusative with the infinitive εἶναι. This pithy sentence succinctly encapsulates Monimus' philosophical skepticism toward mere opinion (doxa).

Model: gemini-3.8-flashurn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.3.82-6.3.83