- Source
- Thucydides. Historiae, Vol 1-2. Jones, Henry Stuart, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1910. (1942 printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.146.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-23
The text explains the causes of the conflict that arose between Athens and Sparta before the war, starting with the incidents in Epidamnus and Corcyra, and notes that while they still maintained contact without heralds, they did so with mutual suspicion as the treaty was being undermined.
αἰτίαι δὲ αὗται καὶ διαφοραὶ ἐγένοντο ἀμφοτέροις πρὸ τοῦ πολέμου, ἀρξάμεναι1 εὐθὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν Ἐπιδάμνῳ καὶ Κερκύρᾳ· ἐπεμείγνυντο δὲ ὅμως ἐν αὐταῖς2 καὶ παρ’ ἀλλήλους ἐφοίτων ἀκηρύκτως3 μέν, ἀνυπόπτως δὲ οὔ· σπονδῶν γὰρ ξύγχυσις τὰ γιγνόμενα ἦν καὶ πρόφασις τοῦ πολεμεῖν.
These were the causes and differences that arose between both sides before the war, starting directly from the events in Epidamnus and Corcyra. Nevertheless, during these differences they still had intercourse and went to each other’s countries without a herald, though not without suspicion; for what was taking place was a violation of the treaty and a pretext for war.
- 1.146.1ἀρξάμεναι
A nominative feminine plural participle agreeing with the subjects αἰτίαι and διαφοραί. It indicates that the disputes in Epidamnus and Corcyra were the direct starting point of these differences.
- 1.146.1ἐν αὐταῖς
The pronoun αὐταῖς (feminine plural dative) refers to the preceding αἰτίαι καὶ διαφοραί (causes and differences). It indicates a temporal or situational background, meaning 'during these differences'.
- 1.146.1ἀκηρύκτως
An adverb meaning 'without a herald'. Since a formal state of war had not yet begun, it indicates that they could still communicate and travel without the mediation of an official herald, characteristic of peacetime.