- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:9.4.27.pr-9.4.27.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-15
Discusses the proconsul's intervention when a creditor or usufructuary refuses to defend a slave subject to a pledge or usufruct, and the legal limits of noxal surrender by a non-owner.
[GAIUS libro sexto ad edictum prouinciale.]
[GAIUS, Book 6 of the Commentary on the Provincial Edict]
Si noxali iudicio agitur de seruo qui pignoris iure tenetur aut de eo cuius usus fructus alterius est, admonendi sumus,1 si creditor uel usufructuarius praesens defensionem suscipere noluerit, proconsulem interuenturum et pignoris persecutionem uel usus fructus actionem negaturum. quo casu dici potest ipso iure pignus liberari (nullum enim pignus est, cuius persecutio negatur): usus fructus autem, etiamsi persecutio eius denegetur, ipso iure durat eo usque, donec non utendo constituto tempore pereat.
If a noxal action is brought concerning a slave who is held under right of pledge, or concerning one whose usufruct belongs to another, we must be advised that, if the creditor or the usufructuary, being present, refuses to undertake the defense, the proconsul will intervene and deny the pursuit of the pledge or the action for the usufruct. In which case it can be said that the pledge is released by operation of law (for there is no pledge whose pursuit is denied); the usufruct, however, even if its pursuit is denied, continues by operation of law until it perishes by non-use within the established time.
Ex his quae diximus de seruo qui alicui pignoris iure obligatus est deque statulibero et de eo cuius usus fructus alienus est, apparet eum, qui alienum seruum in iure suum esse responderit, quamuis noxali iudicio teneantur,2 non tamen posse noxae deditione ipso iure liberari, quia nullum ad actorem dominium transferre possunt, cum ipsi domini non sint. certe tamen, si ex ea causa traditum3 postea dominus uindicet nec litis aestimationem offerat, poterit per exceptionem doli mali repelli.
From what we have said concerning a slave who is bound to someone under right of pledge, and concerning a statuliber, and concerning one whose usufruct belongs to another, it is apparent that he who answers in court that another’s slave is his, although they are held by the noxal action, yet cannot be released by operation of law through noxal surrender, because they can transfer no ownership to the plaintiff since they themselves are not the owners. Nevertheless, certainly, if the owner later claims the slave who was delivered on that account, and does not offer the estimated value of the litigation, he can be repelled by the exception of malice.
- 9.4.27.pradmonendi sumus
A passive periphrastic construction with the gerundive, meaning "we must be advised/reminded." It introduces the subsequent accusative with infinitive clause (proconsulem interuenturum...).
- 9.4.27.1teneantur
Although the antecedent in the main clause is the singular eum (qualified by qui ... responderit), the verb in the concession clause (teneantur) and the subsequent verbs (possunt, sint) shift to the plural. This is a constructio ad sensum (construction according to sense), treating the singular representative as a collective class of people.
- 9.4.27.1traditum
A perfect passive participle in the masculine accusative singular, modifying the omitted noun seruum (slave) understood from the context. It means "the slave who was delivered."
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-07-12) · Revisions to the English translation and the original (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1