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The Digest of Justinian

§9.3.3.pr

Joint Liability and Discharge of Co-occupants in Effusion

Ulpian explains that the action against co-occupants is for the whole amount, and if the action is brought against one of them, the others are released.

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[ULPIANUS libro uicensimo tertio ad edictum.]

[ULPIANUS in the twenty-third book on the Edict.]

§9.3.3.pr

​et quidem in solidum:1 sed si cum uno fuerit actum,2 ceteri liberabuntur.

​and indeed for the whole amount; but if the action has been brought against one, the others will be released.

Syntax notes2 items
  1. 9.3.3.prin solidum

    A legal idiom meaning "for the whole" or "jointly and severally." It indicates that each of the co-occupants is liable for the full amount, rather than just a proportional share.

  2. 9.3.3.prfuerit actum

    The impersonal passive voice in the future perfect tense of the expression agere cum aliquo (to bring an action against someone). In the conditional clause (si), it denotes an action that will have been completed prior to the future action of the main clause (liberabuntur).

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-07-12)urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:9.3.3.pr