- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:9.2.2.pr-9.2.2.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-15
Gaius quotes the first chapter of the Lex Aquilia regarding damages for killing another's slave or cattle, and discusses the scope of "cattle" by examining whether pigs, wild beasts, elephants, and camels are included.
[GAIUS libro septimo ad edictum prouinciale.]
[GAIUS, from the seventh book on the Provincial Edict.]
Lege Aquilia capite primo cauetur: 'ut qui seruum seruamue alienum alienamue quadrupedem uel pecudem iniuria occiderit, quanti id in eo anno plurimi fuit, tantum aes dare domino damnas esto1': et infra deinde cauetur, ut aduersus infitiantem in duplum actio esset.
By the first chapter of the Lex Aquilia it is provided: ‘that whoever shall have unlawfully killed a slave, male or female, belonging to another, or a four-footed animal or beast which is classed among cattle, shall be condemned to pay to the owner whatever was the highest value thereof in that year’: and it is further provided below that an action lies for double the amount against one who denies liability.
Ut igitur apparet, seruis nostris exaequat quadrupedes, quae pecudum numero sunt et gregatim habentur, ueluti oues caprae boues equi muli asini. sed an sues pecudum appellatione continentur, quaeritur: et recte Labeoni placet2 contineri. sed canis inter pecudes non est. longe magis bestiae in eo numero non sunt, ueluti ursi leones pantherae. elefanti autem et cameli quasi mixti sunt (nam et iumentorum operam praestant et natura eorum fera est) et ideo primo capite contineri eas oportet.3
Thus, as it appears, it places on an equal footing with our slaves those four-footed animals which are in the category of cattle and are kept in herds, such as sheep, goats, cattle, horses, mules, and donkeys. But it is asked whether pigs are included under the term ‘cattle’; and Labeo rightly holds that they are included. But a dog is not among cattle. Much less are wild beasts in that number, such as bears, lions, and panthers. Elephants, however, and camels are, as it were, of a mixed nature (for they perform the work of draft animals, yet their nature is wild); and therefore they ought to be included under the first chapter.
- 9.2.2.prdamnas esto
Archaic future imperative used in legal texts, imposing a binding obligation ("shall be liable to pay") on the subject (the antecedent of the qui clause).
- 9.2.2.1Labeoni placet
The dative Labeoni is used with the impersonal verb placet to mean "it is Labeo's opinion / Labeo is of the view that...".
- 9.2.2.1eas oportet
The feminine accusative plural eas refers back to the grammatically masculine nouns elefanti and cameli, treating them as belonging to the general category of beasts (bestiae, feminine) or quadrupeds (quadrupedes, feminine).