- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.9.1.pr-7.9.1.7
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-13
Ulpian discusses the obligation of a usufructuary legatee to provide security via a stipulation that they will use the property as a good man and restore what remains upon termination of the usufruct.
[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo nono ad edictum.]
[ULPIANUS in the seventy-ninth book on the Edict.]
Si cuius rei usus fructus legatus sit, aequissimum praetori uisum est de utroque legatarium cauere: et usurum se boni uiri arbitratu et, cum usus fructus ad eum pertinere desinet, restituturum1 quod inde exstabit.
If the usufruct of any thing has been bequeathed, it seemed most equitable to the praetor that the legatee should give security regarding both points: that he will use it according to the judgment of a good man, and that, when the usufruct ceases to belong to him, he will restore what remains therefrom.
Haec stipulatio, siue mobilis res sit siue soli, interponi debet.
This stipulation must be entered into, whether the thing is movable or of the soil.
Illud sciendum est ad fideicommissa etiam aptari eam debere. plane et si ex mortis causa donatione usus fructus constituatur, exemplo legatorum debebit haec cautio praestari: sed et si ex alia quacumque causa constitutus fuerit usus fructus, idem dicendum est.
It should be known that this must also be adapted to trust-bequests. Clearly, even if a usufruct is established by a donation mortis causa, this security must be provided after the example of legacies; indeed, even if a usufruct has been established by any other cause whatsoever, the same must be said.
Cauere autem debet uiri boni arbitratu perceptu iri usum fructum,2 hoc est non deteriorem se causam usus fructus facturum ceteraque facturum, quae in re sua faceret.
But he must give security that the usufruct will be enjoyed according to the judgment of a good man, that is, that he will not make the condition of the usufruct worse, and that he will do other things which he would do in his own property.
Recte autem facient et heres et legatarius, qualis res sit, cum frui incipit legatarius, si in testatum redegerint: ut inde possit apparere, an et quatenus rem peiorem legatarius fecerit.
Both the heir and the legatee will act rightly if, when the legatee begins to enjoy the property, they reduce to a written record what the state of the thing is, so that it may appear therefrom whether and to what extent the legatee has made the thing worse.
Utilius autem uisum est stipulatione de hoc caueri, ut, si quis non uiri boni arbitratu utatur, committatur stipulatio3 statim, nec expectabimus, ut amittatur usus fructus.
But it seemed more useful that security be given on this point by means of a stipulation, so that, if anyone should use the property not according to the judgment of a good man, the stipulation would be forfeited immediately, and we shall not wait for the usufruct to be lost.
Habet autem stipulatio ista duas causas, unam, si aliter quis utatur quam uir bonus arbitrabitur, aliam de usu fructu restituendo: quarum prior statim committetur, quam aliter fuerit usus, et saepius committetur, sequens committetur finito usu fructu.
Now, that stipulation has two causes: one, if anyone should use it otherwise than a good man shall judge; the other, concerning the restoration of the usufruct. Of these, the former will be forfeited immediately as soon as he has used it otherwise, and will be forfeited repeatedly; the latter will be forfeited upon the termination of the usufruct.
Sed quod diximus id quod inde exstabit restitutu iri, non ipsam rem stipulatur proprietarius (inutiliter enim rem suam stipulari uideretur),4 sed stipulatur restitutu iri quod inde exstabit. interdum autem inerit proprietatis aestimatio, si forte fructuarius, cum possit usucapionem interpellare, neglexit: omnem enim rei curam suscipit.
But as to what we said, that “what remains therefrom will be restored”, the owner does not stipulate for the thing itself (for he would seem to stipulate for his own thing uselessly), but he stipulates that what remains therefrom will be restored. Sometimes, however, the valuation of the ownership will be included, if perchance the usufructuary, when he could have interrupted a usucaption, neglected to do so; for he undertakes all care of the thing.
- 7.9.1.pret usurum se ... et ... restituturum
An accusative with infinitive construction explaining the content of cauere (to give security). The subject is se (accusative reflexive pronoun referring to legatarium), and esse is omitted with the future active participles usurum and restituturum.
- 7.9.1.3perceptu iri usum fructum
perceptu iri (more precisely perceptum iri) is a future passive infinitive, formed by the accusative supine perceptum and iri (the passive infinitive of eo). It takes the accusative usum fructum as its subject.
- 7.9.1.5committatur stipulatio
A significant term in Roman law. For a stipulation (stipulatio) to be "committed" (committi) means that the condition is fulfilled and the promised obligation (or penalty) becomes enforceable.
- 7.9.1.7inutiliter enim rem suam stipulari uideretur
uideretur is in the subjunctive imperfect, expressing a hypothetical reason. It is legally void (inutiliter) for an owner to stipulate for "the thing itself" (which already belongs to them) rather than for its future restoration.