- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.4.10.pr-7.4.10.8
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-13
Ulpian discusses whether the usufruct is extinguished when various objects, such as land, buildings, ponds, woods, vessels, ships, and chariots, undergo significant changes or are destroyed.
[ULPIANUS libro septimo decimo ad Sabinum.]
[ULPIANUS from the seventeenth book on Sabinus.]
Quid tamen si fundus uillae fuit accessio? uideamus, ne etiam fundi usus fructus extinguatur:1 et idem dicendum est, ut non extinguatur.
Yet what if the land was an accession to the villa? Let us see whether the usufruct of the land also is extinguished; and the same must be said, that it is not extinguished.
Non tantum si aedes ad aream redactae sint, usus fructus extinguitur, uerum etiam si demolitis aedibus2 testator alias nouas restituerit: plane si per partes reficiat, licet omnis noua facta sit, aliud erit nobis dicendum.
Not only is the usufruct extinguished if the building is reduced to open ground, but also if, the building having been demolished, the testator has rebuilt other new ones: clearly, if he repairs it part by part, even though it has been made entirely new, we must say otherwise.
Agri uel loci usus fructus legatus, si fuerit inundatus, ut stagnum iam sit aut palus, procul dubio extinguetur.
If a bequeathed usufruct of a field or place is flooded, so that it is now a pond or a marsh, without doubt it is extinguished.
Sed et si stagni usus fructus legetur et exaruerit sic, ut ager sit factus, mutata re usus fructus extinguitur.
But also if the usufruct of a pond is bequeathed and it dries up so that it becomes a field, the usufruct is extinguished since the thing has changed.
Non tamen, si arui usus fructus legetur et ibi uineae sint positae uel contra, puto extingui. certe siluae usu fructu legato si silua caesa illic sationes fuerint factae, sine dubio usus fructus extinguitur.
However, if the usufruct of arable land is bequeathed and vineyards are planted there, or vice versa, I do not think it is extinguished. Certainly, if the usufruct of a wood is bequeathed, and the wood having been cut down, crops are sown there, without doubt the usufruct is extinguished.
Si massae usus fructus legetur et ex ea uasa sint facta uel contra, Cassius apud Urseium scribit interire usum fructum: quam sententiam puto ueram.
If the usufruct of a mass is bequeathed and vessels are made from it, or vice versa, Cassius writes in Urseium that the usufruct perishes: which opinion I think is true.
Proinde et ornamentum dissolutum aut transfiguratum extinguit usum fructum.
Accordingly, also an ornament dissolved or remodeled extinguishes the usufruct.
In nauis quoque usu fructu Sabinus scribit, si quidem per partes refecta sit, usum fructum non interire: si autem dissoluta sit, licet isdem tabulis nulla praeterea adiecta restaurata sit,3 usum fructum extinctum: quam sententiam puto ueriorem. nam et si domus fuerit restituta, usus fructus extinguitur.
Sabinus writes also regarding the usufruct of a ship, that if indeed it is repaired part by part, the usufruct does not perish: but if it has been broken up, even if it is reconstructed with the same planks without any others added, the usufruct is extinguished: which opinion I think is more correct. For even if a house has been rebuilt, the usufruct is extinguished.
Quadrigae usu fructu legato si unus ex equis decesserit, an extinguatur usus fructus quaeritur. ego puto multum interesse, equorum an quadrigae usus fructus sit legatus:4 nam si equorum, supererit in residuis, si quadrigae, non remanebit, quoniam quadriga esse desiit:
If the usufruct of a four-horse chariot is bequeathed and one of the horses dies, it is asked whether the usufruct is extinguished. I think that there is a great difference whether the usufruct of the horses or of the chariot was bequeathed: for if it is of the horses, it will survive in the remaining ones, but if of the chariot, it will not remain, since it has ceased to be a chariot:
- 7.4.10.pruideamus, ne etiam fundi usus fructus extinguatur
The verb uideamus (present subjunctive of exhortation) introduces a clause with ne, meaning "let us see whether ... not ...". Although ne typically introduces a clause of fear or negative purpose, in juristic Latin it is a common idiom to raise and consider a negative possibility or doubt.
- 7.4.10.1demolitis aedibus
An ablative absolute formed by the noun aedibus and the perfect participle demolitis, expressing the condition "the building having been demolished".
- 7.4.10.7licet isdem tabulis nulla praeterea adiecta restaurata sit
licet introduces a concessive clause with the subjunctive restaurata sit (perfect passive), meaning "even if / although it is restored". Within this clause, isdem tabulis is an ablative of instrument ("with the same planks"), and nulla praeterea adiecta is an ablative absolute ("with no other [plank] being added besides"), where a noun (like tabula) is understood.
- 7.4.10.8equorum an quadrigae usus fructus sit legatus
A double indirect question introduced by an, functioning as the subject of the infinitive clause with multum interesse ("that it makes a great difference"). The verb sit legatus is in the subjunctive due to the indirect question.