- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.1.60.pr-7.1.60.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-13
Establishes the rules on the retention of possession, the provision of security (cautio), and the filing of actions when interference with a usufruct occurs or when disputes arise regarding the ownership of the land or the usufruct itself.
[IDEM libro quinto sententiarum.]
Cuiuscumque fundi usufructuarius prohibitus aut deiectus de restitutione omnium rerum simul occupatarum agit: sed et si medio tempore alio casu interciderit usus fructus, aeque de perceptis antea fructibus utilis actio1 tribuitur.
[THE SAME in the fifth book of Opinions.] The usufructuary of any land, if he has been prevented or ejected, brings an action for the restoration of all the things seized at the same time. But even if in the meantime the usufruct should be extinguished by some other event, a beneficial action is likewise granted for the fruits previously gathered.
Si fundus, cuius usus fructus petitur, non a domino possideatur, actio redditur. et ideo si de fundi proprietate inter duos quaestio sit, fructuarius nihilo minus in possessione esse debet satisque ei a possessore cauendum est, quod non sit prohibiturus frui eum,2 cui usus fructus relictus est, quamdiu de iure suo probet. sed si ipsi usufructuario quaestio moueatur,3 interim usus fructus eius differtur: sed caueri de restituendo eo, quod ex his fructibus percepturus est, uel si satis non detur, ipse frui permittitur.
If the land, the usufruct of which is claimed, is not possessed by the owner, an action is granted. And therefore, if there is a dispute between two persons concerning the ownership of the land, the usufructuary must nevertheless remain in possession, and security must be given to him by the possessor that he will not prevent the person to whom the usufruct was left from enjoying it, as long as the possessor is proving his own right. But if a dispute is raised against the usufructuary himself, in the meantime his usufruct is suspended; but security must be given for the restoration of whatever is to be gathered from these fruits, or, if security is not given, he himself is permitted to enjoy them.
- 7.1.60.prutilis actio
Indicates that although a direct action (directa actio) cannot normally be brought after the usufruct is extinguished, a 'beneficial action' (utilis actio) with similar legal effect is granted by the praetor's extension as a remedy for past infringements.
- 7.1.60.1quod non sit prohibiturus frui eum
A noun clause expressing the substance of the impersonal construction 'cauendum est' (security must be given). 'sit prohibiturus' is a future active periphrastic subjunctive whose subject is the 'possessor' mentioned above. 'eum' is the object of 'prohibiturus', referring to the usufructuary (modified by the relative clause 'cui usus fructus relictus est'), and also acts as the subject of the infinitive 'frui'.
- 7.1.60.1sed si ipsi usufructuario quaestio moueatur
In this context, the subject of 'percepturus est' (is to gather) in 'caueri de restituendo eo, quod ex his fructibus percepturus est' is the possessor (the opposing party) who holds the land and takes the fruits during the dispute, while 'ipse' at the end contrastively refers to the usufructuary himself. Thus, if the opponent does not provide security, the usufructuary himself is permitted to enjoy the fruits even during the pending dispute.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-07-12) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1