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The Digest of Justinian

§4.3.16.pr

Requirement to Specify Fraudulent Acts in Actions

The praetor requires that the specific malicious act be defined in the action, as the plaintiff must know how they were defrauded and not make vague claims in such a serious accusation.

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[PAULUS libro undecimo ad edictum.]

[PAULUS libro undecimo ad edictum.]

§4.3.16.pr

​Item exigit praetor, ut comprehendatur, quid dolo malo factum sit:1 scire enim debet actor, in qua re circumscriptus sit, nec in tanto crimine uagari.2

​Likewise, the praetor requires that it be specified what was done with malicious intent; for the plaintiff must know in what matter he was cheated, and not wander in so great an accusation.

Syntax notes2 items
  1. 4.3.16.prquid dolo malo factum sit

    An indirect question clause containing the perfect passive subjunctive factum sit, functioning as the subject of the present passive subjunctive verb comprehendatur within the ut-clause.

  2. 4.3.16.prnec in tanto crimine uagari

    The negative conjunction nec (et non) governs the main verb debet, combined with the infinitive uagari (from the deponent verb uagor, "to wander, speak vaguely"), expressing a negative obligation ("and ought not to wander"). crimine refers here not to a criminal charge, but to the serious civil accusation or allegation of fraud.

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-07-12) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
  • 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1
urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:4.3.16.pr