- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:4.2.16.pr-4.2.16.2
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
Ulpian discusses the application of the action for intimidation when multiple parties or slaves are involved, and its availability to and against heirs.
[ULPIANUS libro undecimo ad edictum.]
[ULPIANUS, on the Edict, Book XI.]
Quod diximus1 si plures metum admiserunt, idem dicendum erit et si ad alium res peruenit, alter metum adhibuit.
What we have said in the case where several persons have committed intimidation must also be said if the thing has come to one person, while another employed the intimidation.
Sed si serui metum adhibuerint, noxalis quidem actio ipsorum nomine erit, poterit autem quis dominum ad quem res peruenerit conuenire: qui conuentus2 siue rem siue secundum quod iam dictum est quadruplum praestiterit, proderit et seruis. si uero noxali conuentus maluerit noxae dedere, nihilo minus ipse poterit conueniri, si ad eum res peruenerit.
But if slaves have employed intimidation, a noxal action will indeed lie in their name, but one will also be able to sue the master to whom the thing has come; and if this master, having been sued, either restores the thing or, in accordance with what has already been said, pays fourfold, this will also benefit the slaves. If, however, when sued in a noxal action, he prefers to surrender them as noxa, he can nevertheless be sued himself, if the thing has come to him.
Haec actio heredi ceterisque successoribus datur, quoniam rei habet persecutionem.3 in heredem autem et ceteros in id, quod peruenit ad eos, datur non inmerito: licet enim poena ad heredem non transeat, attamen quod turpiter uel scelere quaesitum est, ut est et rescriptum, ad compendium heredis non debet pertinere.
This action is granted to the heir and other successors, since it has the pursuit of the thing. On the other hand, it is granted against the heir and others to the extent of what has come to them, and not without reason: for although a penalty does not pass to the heir, nevertheless what was acquired basely or criminally, as has also been stated in a rescript, ought not to turn to the profit of the heir.
- 4.2.16.prQuod diximus
The relative pronoun quod contains its antecedent and functions substantially in apposition to idem, the subject of the main clause idem dicendum erit, or as the accusative object of diximus. The following conditional clause si plures... specifies its scope.
- 4.2.16.1qui conuentus
qui is a relative connection referring to dominum in the preceding clause. conuentus is a perfect passive participle in the nominative agreeing with qui (the subject of praestiterit), functioning here with conditional force ("if this master, having been sued, pays...").
- 4.2.16.2rei habet persecutionem
rei is an objective genitive dependent on the noun persecutio (pursuit/recovery). It indicates that this action (actio quod metus causa) has the character of recovering the property (rei persecutio), rather than being a purely penal action.