- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:4.2.1.pr
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-07
Ulpian comments on the praetor's edict regarding transactions made under duress, explaining why the word "force" (uis) was later removed from the original formulation "force or fear," on the grounds that anything done by force is also done through fear.
[ULPIANUS libro undecimo ad edictum.]
[ULPIAN, On the Edict, book 11]
Ait praetor: 'Quod metus causa gestum erit, ratum non habebo'. olim ita edicebatur 'quod ui metusue causa': uis1 enim fiebat mentio propter necessitatem impositam contrariam uoluntati: metus instantis uel futuri periculi causa mentis trepidatio.2 sed postea detracta est uis mentio ideo, quia quodcumque ui atroci fit, id metu quoque fieri uidetur.
The praetor says: “I will not hold valid what has been done because of fear.” Formerly, it was edicted thus: “what because of force or fear”; for mention was made of force because of a necessity imposed contrary to the will, whereas fear is a trepidation of the mind because of an imminent or future danger. But later, the mention of force was removed for the reason that whatever is done by atrocious force seems to be done by fear as well.
- 4.2.1.pruis
The noun uis is the genitive singular of the feminine noun vis (force), modifying the subsequent mentio (mention), meaning "mention of force." Although homonymous with the nominative, it functions here as a genitive.
- 4.2.1.prmetus instantis uel futuri periculi causa mentis trepidatio
A definition sentence with the copula est omitted. Metus (fear) is the subject, and mentis trepidatio (trepidation of the mind) is the predicate nominative. The phrase instantis uel futuri periculi causa functions as an adverbial phrase of cause ("because of imminent or future danger") modifying trepidatio.