- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:3.5.3.pr-3.5.3.11
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-05
Ulpianus interprets word by word the praetorian edict on business managed, discussing its application to various persons (women, wards, and insane persons), affairs arising after death, the limitation of liability to fraud under specific circumstances, and its relationship with other legal institutions like mandate and suretyship.
[ULPIANUS libro decimo ad edictum.]
[ULPIANUS, on the Edict, book 10.]
Ait praetor: 'Si quis negotia alterius, siue quis negotia, quae cuiusque cum is moritur fuerint, gesserit: iudicium eo nomine dabo.'
The praetor says: ‘If anyone has managed the affairs of another, or if anyone has managed the affairs which belonged to anyone when he died, I will grant an action on that account.’
Haec uerba 'si quis' sic sunt accipienda 'siue quae': nam et mulieres negotiorum gestorum agere posse et conueniri non dubitatur.
These words ‘if anyone’ are to be understood as ‘or if any woman’; for there is no doubt that women can both bring an action for business managed and be sued.
'Negotia' sic accipe, siue unum siue plura.
Understand ‘affairs’ in this way, whether one or several.
'Alterius', inquit: et hoc ad utrumque sexum refertur.
He says ‘of another’; and this refers to both sexes.
Pupillus sane si negotia gesserit, post rescriptum diui Pii etiam conueniri potest in id quod factus est locupletior: agendo autem conpensationem eius quod gessit patitur.
Indeed, if a ward has managed affairs, after the rescript of the divine Pius, he can also be sued to the extent of his enrichment; but in bringing an action, he must submit to a set-off of what he managed.
Et si furiosi negotia gesserim, competit mihi aduersus eum negotiorum gestorum actio: curatori autem furiosi uel furiosae aduersus eum eamue dandam actionem Labeo ait.1
And if I have managed the affairs of an insane person, an action for business managed is available to me against him; but Labeo says that an action should be given to the curator of an insane man or woman against him or her.
Haec uerba: 'siue quis negotia, quae cuiusque cum is moritur fuerint, gesserit' significant illud tempus, quo quis post mortem alicuius negotia gessit: de quo fuit necessarium edicere, quoniam neque testatoris iam defuncti neque heredis qui nondum adiit negotium gessisse uidetur.2 sed si quid accessit post mortem, ut puta partus et fetus et fructus, uel si quid serui adquisierint: etsi his uerbis non continentur, pro adiecto tamen debent accipi.
These words ‘or if anyone has managed the affairs which belonged to anyone when he died’ signify that time in which someone managed the affairs after the death of another; concerning which it was necessary to issue an edict, since he is not deemed to have managed the affair of either the already deceased testator or the heir who has not yet entered on the inheritance. But if anything has accrued after the death, such as offspring, young, and fruits, or if slaves have acquired anything, although they are not contained in these words, they ought nevertheless to be accepted as added.
Haec autem actio cum ex negotio gesto oriatur, et heredi et in heredem competit.
Since this action arises from business managed, it is available both to the heir and against the heir.
Si exsecutor a praetore in negotio meo datus dolum mihi fecerit, dabitur mihi aduersus eum actio.
If an executor given by the praetor in my affair has committed fraud against me, an action will be given to me against him.
Interdum in negotiorum gestorum actione Labeo scribit dolum solummodo uersari: nam si affectione coactus, ne bona mea distrahatur, negotiis te meis optuleris, aequissimum esse dolum dumtaxat te praestare: quae sententia habet aequitatem.
Labeo writes that sometimes only fraud is in issue in the action for business managed; for if, compelled by affection, so that my goods should not be sold off, you have offered yourself for my affairs, it is most equitable that you should answer only for fraud; which opinion possesses equity.
Hac actione tenetur non solum is qui sponte et nulla necessitate cogente immiscuit se negotiis alienis et ea gessit, uerum et is qui aliqua necessitate urguente uel necessitatis suspicione gessit.
By this action is bound not only he who spontaneously and with no compelling necessity has meddled in and managed the affairs of another, but also he who has managed them under the pressure of some necessity or the suspicion of necessity.
Apud Marcellum libro secundo digestorum quaeritur, si, cum proposuissem negotia Titii gerere, tu mihi mandaueris ut geram,3 an utraque actione uti possim? et ego puto utramque locum habere. quemadmodum ipse Marcellus scribit, si fideiussorem accepero negotia gesturus: nam et hic dicit aduersus utrumque esse actionem.
In Marcellus, in the second book of the Digests, it is asked: if, when I had proposed to manage the affairs of Titius, you commissioned me to manage them, can I use both actions? And I think both have a place. Just as Marcellus himself writes, if, when about to manage affairs, I have taken a surety; for he says here also that there is an action against both.
- 3.5.3.5curatori autem furiosi uel furiosae aduersus eum eamue dandam actionem Labeo ait
An accusative with infinitive construction dependent on 'ait', where 'actionem' is the subject accusative and 'dandam [esse]' (with omitted 'esse') is the future passive infinitive. The dative 'curatori' functions as the indirect object ('to the curator'), and 'aduersus eum eamue' means 'against him or her' (referring to the insane person). This refers to a scenario where the curator sues the ward (the insane person) for reimbursement.
- 3.5.3.6quoniam neque testatoris iam defuncti neque heredis qui nondum adiit negotium gessisse uidetur
The verb 'uidetur' is used in a personal construction with an omitted subject (the manager, gestor), governing the perfect active infinitive 'gessisse'. The genitives 'testatoris' and 'heredis' both limit 'negotium' ('the business of neither... nor...').
- 3.5.3.11si, cum proposuissem negotia Titii gerere, tu mihi mandaueris ut geram
Within the conditional clause introduced by 'si', a 'cum' clause in the pluperfect subjunctive ('cum proposuissem...') is embedded. This is followed by the verb of the 'si' clause, 'mandaueris' (perfect subjunctive), which in turn governs the object clause 'ut geram' (present subjunctive).