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The Digest of Justinian

§3.3.16.pr

Right to Change Agents or Personally Defend Before Issue

Provides for the free power of the principal to either change their agent or accept the trial themselves before the joinder of issue.

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[PAULUS libro octauo ad edictum.]

[PAULUS, in the eighth book on the Edict.]

§3.3.16.pr

​Ante litem contestatam libera potestas est uel mutandi procuratoris uel ipsi domino1 iudicium accipiendi.2

​Before the joinder of issue, the principal himself has the free power either of changing his agent or of accepting the trial himself.

Syntax notes2 items
  1. 3.3.16.pripsi domino

    Dative of possession, which goes with potestas est to form the construction "the principal himself has the power...".

  2. 3.3.16.prmutandi procuratoris uel ipsi domino iudicium accipiendi

    Through uel ... uel ..., two different grammatical forms—the gerundive construction mutandi procuratoris and the gerund construction iudicium accipiendi (genitive gerund taking a direct object)—are coordinated, both functioning as genitives modifying the noun potestas.

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-07-12)urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:3.3.16.pr