- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:2.14.57.pr-2.14.57.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-31
The jurist explains the tacit agreement for postponement implied by accepting interest in advance, and the effects that the limitation of an agreement (in rem vs. in personam) has on the claims of heirs and co-parties.
[FLORENTINUS libro octauo institutionum.]
[FLORENTINUS in the eighth book of the Institutes.]
Qui in futurum usuras a debitore acceperat, tacite pactus uidetur,1 ne intra id tempus sortem petat.
A person who has accepted interest in advance from a debtor is deemed to have tacitly agreed not to demand the principal within that period.
Si ex altera parte in rem, ex altera in personam2 pactum conceptum fuerit, ueluti ne ego petam uel ne a te petatur: heres meus ab omnibus uobis petitionem habebit et ab herede tuo omnes petere poterimus.
If an agreement has been drafted as in rem on one side and in personam on the other, for example, “that I shall not make a claim” or “that a claim shall not be made against you”: my heir will have a claim against all of you, and we shall all be able to make a claim against your heir.
- 2.14.57.prtacite pactus uidetur
The verb uidetur does not merely express a subjective opinion ("seems"), but rather has a normative, legal force ("is deemed" or "is held to"). pactus stands for the perfect infinitive pactus esse with the omission of esse, forming a copulative construction with uidetur.
- 2.14.57.1Si ex altera parte in rem, ex altera in personam
Contrast between the scope of an agreement being limited to specific persons (in personam) or extended generally (in rem). In the examples, ne ego petam ("that I shall not make a claim") is in personam on the creditor's side (limited to "me") but in rem on the debtor's side (applying to all of you); conversely, ne a te petatur ("that a claim shall not be made against you") is in personam on the debtor's side (limited to "you") but in rem on the creditor's side (applying to all of us).