- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:43.21.1-43.21.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-12
While the Roman lieutenants Coelius and Appius Claudius suffer setbacks in Illyria and Epirus respectively, the Macedonian King Perseus undertakes a difficult march through the snow toward Stratus in Aetolia.
L. Coelius, legatus Romanus, praeerat Illyrico; qui moveri non ausus, cum in iis locis rex esset, post profectionem demum eius conatus in Penestis Uscanam recipere, a praesidio, quod ibi Macedonum erat, cum multis volneribus repulsus Lychnidum copias reduxit.
Lucius Coelius, the Roman lieutenant, was in command of Illyria; not daring to make any movement while the king was in those parts, he attempted, only after the king’s departure, to recover Uscana in the territory of the Penestae, but being repulsed with many casualties by the Macedonian garrison there, he withdrew his forces to Lychnidus.
inde post dies paucos M. Trebellium Fregellanum cum satis valida manu in Penestas misit ad obsides ab iis urbibus, quae in amicitia cum fide permanserant, accipiendos;
A few days later, he sent Marcus Trebellius Fregellanus with a sufficiently strong force into the territory of the Penestae to receive hostages from those cities which had faithfully remained in friendship;
procedere etiam in Parthinos — ii quoque obsides dare pepigerant — iussit. ab utraque gente sine tumultu exigit. Penestarum equites Apolloniam, Parthinorum Dyrrachium, — tum Epidamni magis celebre nomen Graecis erat — missi.
he also ordered him to march against the Parthini, who had likewise promised to give hostages. He exacted them from both nations without any disturbance. The horsemen of the Penestae were sent to Apollonia, and those of the Parthini to Dyrrachium—at that time the name Epidamnus was more celebrated among the Greeks.
Ap. Claudius acceptam in Illyrico ignominiam corrigere cupiens Phanotam, Epiri castellum, adortus oppugnare est. auxilia Chaonum Thesprotorumque praeter Romanum exercitum, ad sex milia hominum, secum adduxit;
Appius Claudius, wishing to repair the disgrace he had incurred in Illyria, undertook to besiege Phanota, a fortress of Epirus. Besides the Roman army, he brought with him about six thousand auxiliary troops of the Chaonians and Thesprotians;
neque operae pretium fecit Cleua, qui relictus a Perseo erat, cum valido praesidio defendente.1 et Perseus, Elimeam profectus et circa eam exercitu lustrato ad Stratum vocantibus Epirotis ducit.
but he achieved nothing of worth, as Cleuas, who had been left by Perseus, defended it with a strong garrison. Meanwhile Perseus, having set out for Elimea and having purified his army around it, marched towards Stratus at the invitation of the Epirots.
Stratus validissima tum urbs Aetoliae erat; sita est super Ambracium sinum prope amnem Inachum. cum decem milibus peditum eo profectus est et equitibus trecentis, quos pauciores propter angustias viarum et asperitatem duxit.
Stratus was at that time the strongest city of Aetolia; it is situated above the Ambracian Gulf near the river Inachus. He set out thither with ten thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry, of whom he took a smaller number on account of the narrowness and roughness of the roads.
tertio die cum pervenisset ad Citium montem, vix transgressus propter altitudinem nivis locum quoque castris aegre invenit.
When on the third day he had reached Mount Citium, having crossed with difficulty because of the depth of the snow, he found even a place for his camp only with great trouble.
profectus inde, magis quia manere non poterat, quam quod tolerabilis aut via aut tempestas esset,2 cum ingenti vexatione praecipue iumentorum altero die ad templum Iovis, Nicaeum quem vocant, posuit castra.
Setting out from there, more because he could not remain than because either the road or the weather was tolerable, and with immense suffering especially to the baggage animals, on the second day he pitched his camp near the temple of Jupiter, which they call Nicaeum.
ad Aratthum inde flumen itinere ingenti emenso retentus altitudine amnis mansit. quo spatio temporis ponte perfecto, traductis copiis diei progressus iter obvium Archidamum, principem Aetolorum, per quem ei Stratus tradebatur, habuit.3
Then, having completed a great march to the river Aratthus, he stayed there, detained by the depth of the river. During this interval of time, when a bridge had been completed and his forces led across, after a day’s march he met Archidamus, a chief of the Aetolians, through whom Stratus was to be delivered to him.
- 43.21.5cum valido praesidio defendente
The preposition cum is combined with the ablative noun valido praesidio and the present participle defendente. While an ablative absolute normally does not take the preposition cum, it is added here to emphasize the accompanying circumstances or manner.
- 43.21.8magis quia manere non poterat, quam quod tolerabilis aut via aut tempestas esset
Distinct use of the causal conjunctions quia and quod. The indicative mood (poterat) with quia is used for the objective, actual reason (the inability to stay), whereas the subjunctive mood (esset) with quod is used for the subjective reason that is rejected or not actually true (the tolerability of the road or weather). This is a classical contrastive construction in Latin.
- 43.21.9obvium Archidamum ... habuit
The idiomatic expression obvium/obvios habere (to meet someone). The adjective obvium agrees with the accusative Archidamum in a predicative sense, literally meaning 'he had Archidamus meeting him,' i.e., 'he met Archidamus.'