- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:43.19.1-43.19.14
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-12
Perseus, after disposing of the surrendered people from Uscana, marches into the Penestian territory to subdue Oaeneum and other intermediate forts. After a fierce siege, he captures Oaeneum and sends embassies to King Gentius to secure an alliance.
Perseus praesidio Uscanae inposito1 multitudinem omnem deditorum, quae prope numero exercitum aequabat, Stuberram abducit.
Perseus, having placed a garrison in Uscana, led away the entire multitude of those who had surrendered, which in number almost equaled his army, to Stuberra.
ibi Romanis — quattuor milia autem hominum erant — praeter principes in custodiam civitatum divisis, Uscanensibus Illyriisque venditis, in Penestas exercitum reducit ad Oaeneum oppidum in potestatem redigendum,2 et alioqui opportune situm, et transitus ea est in Labeates, ubi Gentius regnabat.
There, having distributed the Romans—of whom, moreover, there were four thousand men—except for their leaders, into the custody of various cities, and having sold the Uscanans and Illyrians, he led his army back into the territory of the Penestians to bring the town of Oaeneum under his control, a town which was both otherwise conveniently situated, and from which there was a passage into the territory of the Labeates, where Gentius was reigning.
praetereunti frequens castellum, Draudacum nomine, peritorum quidam regionis eius nihil Oaeneo capto opus esse ait,3 nisi in potestate et Draudacum sit;
As he was passing by a populous fort, Draudacum by name, one of those who were well acquainted with that region said that there was no use in taking Oaeneum unless Draudacum also were in their power;
opportunius etiam ad omnia positum esse. admoto exercitu omnes extemplo dediderunt sese. ad quam spe celeriorem deditionem erectus postquam animadvertit, quantus agminis sui terror esset, undecim alia castella eodem metu in potestatem redigit.
and that it was situated even more conveniently for all purposes. Having moved his army near, they all immediately surrendered themselves. Encouraged by this surrender, which was quicker than expected, after he noticed how great was the terror of his army, he brought eleven other forts under his power through the same fear.
ad perpauca vi opus fuit, cetera voluntate dedita; et in his recepti mille et quingenti dispositi per praesidia milites Romani.
Force was necessary for very few; the rest surrendered voluntarily; and in these, fifteen hundred Roman soldiers, who had been distributed through the garrisons, were recovered.
magno usui Carvilius Spoletinus erat in conloquiis dicendo nihil in ipsos saevitum. deinde Oaeneum perventum est, quod sine iusta oppugnatione capi non poterat. et maiore aliquanto, quam cetera, iuventute et validum oppidum moenibus erat, et hinc amnis, Artatus nomine, hinc mons praealtus et aditu difficilis cingebat.
Carvilius of Spoletium was of great use in the conferences by saying that no cruelty had been practiced against them. Then they came to Oaeneum, which could not be taken without a regular siege. It was a town strong in its walls, and with a youth considerably larger than the others, and on one side a river, Artatus by name, and on the other a very high mountain, difficult of access, enclosed it.
haec spem ad resistendum oppidanis dabant. Perseus circumvallato oppido aggerem a parte superiore ducere instituit, cuius altitudine muros superaret.
These things gave the townsmen hope for resisting. Perseus, having surrounded the town with lines of circumvallation, decided to construct a mound from the upper part, by the height of which he might overtop the walls.
quod opus dum perficitur, crebris interim proeliis, quibus per excursiones et moenia sua oppidani tutabantur et opera hostium inpediebant, magna eorum multitudo variis casibus absumpta est, et qui supererant, labore diurno nocturnoque et volneribus inutiles erant.
While this work was being completed, in the meantime, through frequent battles—in which, by making sallies, the townsmen both defended their walls and impeded the works of the enemy—a great multitude of them was consumed by various casualties, and those who survived were rendered useless by incessant labor day and night and by wounds.
ubi primum agger iniunctus muro est, et cohors regia, quos Nicatoras appellant, transcendit, et scalis multis simul partibus inpetus in urbem est factus.
As soon as the mound was joined to the wall, both the royal cohort, whom they call Nicatores, crossed over, and an assault was made on the city with ladders in many parts at the same time.
puberes omnes interfecti sunt; coniuges liberosque eorum in custodiam dedit;
All the adults were slain; their wives and children he gave into custody;
praedae alia militum cessere. Stuberram inde victor revertens ad Gentium legatos Pleuratum Illyrium, exulantem apud se, et Adaeum Macedonem a Beroea mittit;
other things of the booty fell to the soldiers. Returning thence as victor to Stuberra, he sent as ambassadors to Gentius Pleuratus the Illyrian, who was living in exile with him, and Adaeus, a Macedonian from Beroea;
iis mandat, ut exponerent aestatis eius hiemisque acta sua adversus Romanos Dardanosque; adicerent recentia in Illyrico hibernae expeditionis opera; hortarentur4 Gentium in amicitiam secum et cum Macedonibus iungendam.
he charged them to set forth his exploits of that summer and winter against the Romans and Dardanians; to add the recent achievements of his winter expedition in Illyria; and to exhort Gentius to enter into a friendship with him and with the Macedonians.
- 43.19.1praesidio Uscanae inposito
An ablative absolute construction. Uscanae is either a locative or a dative depending on the compound verb inponere, meaning 'at' or 'on Uscana'.
- 43.19.2ad Oaeneum oppidum in potestatem redigendum
A gerundive construction with the preposition ad, expressing purpose: 'to bring the town of Oaeneum under his control'.
- 43.19.4praetereunti... nihilo Oaeneo capto opus esse ait
The participle praetereunti (present dative singular) modifies an implied pronoun ei (referring to Perseus). opus esse is an impersonal construction meaning 'to be necessary', taking the ablative of cause/instrument Oaeneo capto ('the capturing of Oaeneum'), forming an accusative and infinitive clause in indirect speech.
- 43.19.14iis mandat, ut exponerent... adicerent... hortarentur
Since the main verb mandat is a historical present, the subordinate verbs in the ut-clause (exponerent, adicerent, hortarentur) follow the historical sequence of tenses and are in the imperfect subjunctive.