- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:43.1.1-43.1.12
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-12
The lieutenant's operations in Illyricum and the unauthorized attempt of consul Cassius to march into Macedonia are described, along with the senate's immediate reaction in sending envoys to pursue him.
eadem aestate, qua in Thessalia haec gesta sunt, legatus in Illyricum a consule missus opulenta duo oppida oppugnavit.
In the same summer in which these things were done in Thessaly, a lieutenant sent into Illyricum by the consul attacked two wealthy towns.
Ceremiam vi atque armis coegit in deditionem; omniaque iis sua concessit, ut opinione clementiae eos, qui Carnuntem, munitam urbem, incolebant, adliceret.
He forced Ceremia to surrender by force of arms; and he granted them all their possessions, so that by the reputation of his clemency he might entice those who inhabited Carnuns, a fortified city.
postquam nec, ut dederent se, conpellere neque capere obsidendo poterat, ne duabus oppugnationibus nequiquam fatigatus miles esset, quam prius intactam urbem reliquerat, diripuit.1
After he could neither compel them to surrender themselves nor take them by siege, lest the soldier should be fatigued in vain by two sieges, he plundered the city which he had previously left untouched.
alter consul C. Cassius nec in Gallia, quam sortitus erat, memorabile quicquam gessit et per Illyricum ducere legiones in Macedoniam vano incepto est conatus.
The other consul, Gaius Cassius, neither performed anything memorable in Gaul, which had fallen to his lot, and attempted, in a vain undertaking, to lead his legions through Illyricum into Macedonia.
ingressum hoc iter consulem2 senatus ex Aquileiensium legatis cognovit, qui querentes coloniam suam novam et infirmam necdum satis munitam inter infestas nationes Histrorum et Illyriorum esse, cum peterent, ut senatus curae haberet, quomodo ea colonia muniretur, interrogati, vellentne eam rem C. Cassio consuli mandari, responderunt Cassium Aquileiam indicto exercitu profectum per Illyricum in Macedoniam esse.
The senate learned that the consul had entered upon this march from the envoys of the Aquileians, who, complaining that their colony, new and weak and not yet sufficiently fortified, lay among the hostile nations of the Histrians and Illyrians, when they requested that the senate should take care how that colony might be fortified, being asked whether they wished that business to be entrusted to the consul Gaius Cassius, replied that Cassius, having ordered the army to assemble at Aquileia, had set out through Illyricum for Macedonia.
ea res primo incredibilis visa, et pro se quisque credere3 Carnis forsitan aut Histris bellum inlatum.
This matter at first seemed incredible, and everyone believed, each for himself, that war had perhaps been brought upon the Carni or the Histri.
tum Aquileienses: nihil se ultra scire nec audere adfirmare, quam triginta dierum frumentum militi datum et duces, qui ex Italia itinera in Macedoniam nossent, conquisitos abductosque.
Then the Aquileians said that they knew nothing further, nor did they dare to affirm anything, except that thirty days’ grain had been given to the soldier, and that guides who knew the routes from Italy to Macedonia had been sought out and taken along.
enimvero senatus indignari tantum consulem ausum, ut4 suam provinciam relinqueret, in alienam transiret, exercitum novo periculosoque itinere inter exteras gentes duceret, viam tot nationibus in Italiam aperiret.
Indeed, the senate was indignant that the consul had dared so much as to abandon his own province, pass over into another’s, lead an army by a new and dangerous route through foreign nations, and open a way into Italy for so many tribes.
decernunt frequentes, ut C. Sulpicius praetor tris ex senatu nominet legatos, qui eo die proficiscantur ex urbe et, quantum adcelerare possint, Cassium consulem, ubicumque sit, persequantur;
They decreed in a crowded senate that the praetor Gaius Sulpicius should name three envoys from the senate, who should set out from the city on that very day and, as fast as they could hasten, pursue the consul Cassius, wherever he might be;
nuntient, ne bellum cum ulla gente moveat, nisi cum qua senatus gerendum censuerit.
and should announce to him that he must not initiate war with any nation, unless it were one against which the senate had decreed that war should be waged.
legati hi profecti M. Cornelius Cethegus, M. Fulvius, P. Marcius Rex. metus de consule atque exercitu distulit eo tempore muniendae Aquileiae curam.
The envoys who set out were Marcus Cornelius Cethegus, Marcus Fulvius, and Publius Marcius Rex. Fear for the consul and the army postponed at that time the care of fortifying Aquileia.
- 43.1.3quam prius intactam urbem reliquerat, diripuit
The antecedent noun urbs (city) has been attracted into the relative clause, agreeing in case with the relative pronoun quam as urbem (accusative). Structurally, it is equivalent to diripuit urbem, quam prius intactam reliquerat (he plundered the city which he had previously left untouched).
- 43.1.5ingressum hoc iter consulem
This is an accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) construction serving as the object of cognovit. The perfect infinitive ingressum esse has its auxiliary esse omitted. Since ingredior is a deponent verb, its perfect participle ingressus has an active meaning and takes hoc iter as its direct object.
- 43.1.7credere
This is a 'historical infinitive' functioning as the main verb of the clause, translated equivalently to an indicative imperfect (or perfect). The subject is quisque, and it is treated as a third-person singular verb.
- 43.1.9tantum consulem ausum, ut...
This is an accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) construction dependent on the historical infinitive indignari. ausum stands for ausum esse (perfect infinitive of the semi-deponent verb audeo, with esse omitted). The adjective tantum (so great a thing / so bold an act) sets up the consecutive (result) clause introduced by ut with the subjunctive verbs relinqueret... transiret... duceret... aperiret.