- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:40.58.1-40.58.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-11
During their passage through Thrace, hostilities break out between the Bastarnae and the local Thracians, and the Bastarnae suffer catastrophic damage from a violent storm, leading to their division. Meanwhile, the new Macedonian king, Perseus, secures his position and dispatches envoys to Rome.
primum ingressi sunt pacato agmine. digressu deinde Cottonis et Antigoni et haud multo post fama mortis Philippi neque Thraces commercio faciles erant, neque Bastarnae empto1 contenti esse poterant aut in agmine contineri, ne decederent via.
At first they marched in a peaceful column. But then, after the departure of Cotto and Antigonus, and not long afterwards when the rumor of Philip’s death spread, the Thracians were no longer cooperative in trade, and the Bastarnae could neither be content with what they purchased nor be kept in the column so as not to deviate from the road.
inde iniuriae ultro citroque fieri, quarum in dies incremento bellum exarsit. postremo Thraces cum vim ac multitudinem sustinere hostium non possent, relictis campestribus vicis in montem ingentis altitudinis — Donucam vocant — concesserunt.
Consequently, outrages began to be committed on both sides, and with their daily increase, war flared up. Finally, since the Thracians could not withstand the force and multitude of the enemy, they abandoned their villages in the plains and retreated to a mountain of immense height, which they call Donuca.
quo cum subire Bastarnae vellent, quali tempestate Gallos spoliantes Delphos fama est peremptos esse, talis2 tum Bastarnas nequiquam ad iuga montium appropinquantes oppressit.
When the Bastarnae wished to ascend it, a storm, of such a kind as tradition has it that the Gauls were destroyed by while plundering Delphi, then overwhelmed the Bastarnae as they were approaching the ridges of the mountain in vain.
neque enim imbre tantum effuso, dein creberrima grandine obruti sunt cum ingenti fragore caeli tonitribusque et fulguribus praestringentibus aciem oculorum, sed fulmina etiam sic undique micabant, ut peti viderentur corpora, nec solum milites sed etiam principes icti caderent.
For they were not only overwhelmed by a downpour of rain, and then by very thick hail, amid the great crashing of the heavens and with thunder and lightning dazzling their eyes, but the thunderbolts also flashed from all sides in such a way that their bodies seemed to be aimed at, and not only common soldiers but even leaders fell, struck by them.
itaque cum praecipiti fuga per rupes praealtas improvidi sternerentur ruerentque, instabant quidem perculsis Thraces, sed ipsi deos auctores fugae esse caelumque in se ruere aiebant.
Therefore, when in headlong flight they were being laid low and rushing down through the precipitous cliffs off their guard, the Thracians indeed pressed hard upon them in their panic, but they themselves said that the gods were the authors of their flight and that the heavens were falling upon them.
dissipati procella cum tamquam ex naufragio plerique semermes in castra, unde profecti erant, redissent, consultari, quid agerent, coeptum.3 inde orta dissensio, aliis redeundum aliis penetrandum in Dardaniam censentibus:4
When, scattered by the storm, most of them, virtually disarmed as if from a shipwreck, had returned to the camp from which they had set out, they began to deliberate what they should do. Then dissension arose, with some voting that they should return, and others that they should penetrate into Dardania.
triginta ferme milia hominum Clondico duce, quo profecti erant, pervenerunt, cetera multitudo retro, qua venerat, Apolloniam Mesembriamque repetit.
About thirty thousand men, under the leadership of Clondicus, arrived at the destination they had set out for; the rest of the multitude turned back by the way they had come, seeking Apollonia and Mesembria.
Perseus potitus regno interfici Antigonum iussit; et dum firmaret res, legatos Romam ad amicitiam paternam renovandam petendumque,5 ut rex ab senatu appellaretur, misit. haec eo anno in Macedonia gesta.
Perseus, having gained possession of the kingdom, ordered Antigonus to be put to death; and while he was establishing his power, he sent envoys to Rome to renew the friendship made by his father and to request that he should be styled king by the senate. These were the transactions in Macedonia during that year.
- 40.58.1empto
The neuter singular of the perfect participle emptus is used substantively in the ablative case, governed by contenti ('contented with'). It refers to 'what had been purchased' (i.e., provisions).
- 40.58.3quali tempestate ... talis
A correlative construction where the relative clause introduced by quali tempestate precedes, and is answered by talis [tempestas] in the main clause. Within the relative clause, fama est peremptos esse is an impersonal construction with the accusative and infinitive peremptos esse acting as the subject/content ('it is reported that they were destroyed').
- 40.58.7consultari ... coeptum
An impersonal passive construction. The passive infinitive of the intransitive verb consultari ('to be deliberated') is combined with the impersonal passive coeptum [est], meaning literally 'it began to be deliberated,' i.e., 'deliberations began.'
- 40.58.7aliis redeundum aliis penetrandum ... censentibus
An ablative absolute construction with the present participle censentibus agreeing with aliis ... aliis. It governs the indirect discourse where the gerundives of obligation redeundum [esse] and penetrandum [esse] are used with the ellipsis of esse.
- 40.58.9ad amicitiam paternam renovandam petendumque
Under the government of the preposition ad, a gerundive construction (amicitiam paternam renovandam) and the accusative of a gerund (petendum) are placed in coordination. The gerund petendum further takes the ut-clause (ut rex ab senatu appellaretur) as its object.