- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:4.18.1-4.18.8
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-30
Despite a disagreement over strategy between the Falisci and the Veientes-Fidenates, a battle is set for the following day. The two armies draw up in the plain, and upon a favorable signal from the Roman augurs, a fierce battle begins, with the Etruscan king Tolumnius valiantly leading his cavalry to prolong the fight.
inter hostes variae fuere sententiae. Faliscus, procul ab domo militiam aegre patiens satisque fidens sibi, poscere1 pugnam; Veienti Fidenatique plus spei in trahendo bello esse.
Among the enemy there were various opinions. The Falisci, bearing military service far from home with difficulty and having sufficient confidence in themselves, demanded battle; to the Veientes and Fidenates, there was more hope in dragging out the war.
Tolumnius, quamquam suorum magis placebant consilia, ne longinquam militiam non paterentur Falisci, postero die se pugnaturum edicit.
Tolumnius, although the plans of his own people pleased him more, declared that he would fight on the following day, lest the Falisci should not tolerate a long-lasting campaign.
dictatori ac Romanis, quod detractasset pugnam hostis, animi accessere; posteroque die, iam militibus castra urbemque se oppugnaturos frementibus,2 ni copia pugnae fiat, utrimque acies inter bina castra in medium campi procedunt.
To the dictator and the Romans, because the enemy had declined battle, courage was added; and on the following day, while the soldiers were already clamoring that they would attack the camp and the city unless an opportunity for battle were given, the battle lines on both sides advanced into the middle of the plain between the two camps.
Veiens multitudine abundans, qui inter dimicationem castra Romana adgrederentur, post montes circummisit. trium populorum exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut dextrum cornu Veientes, sinistrum Falisci tenerent, medii Fidenates essent.
The Veientes, abounding in numbers, sent a detachment behind the mountains so that they might attack the Roman camp during the conflict. The army of the three peoples stood drawn up in such a way that the Veientes held the right wing, the Falisci the left, and the Fidenates were in the center.
dictator dextro cornu adversus Faliscos, sinistro contra Veientem Capitolinus Quinctius intulit signa; ante mediam aciem cum equitatu magister equitum processit.
The dictator on the right wing against the Falisci, and Capitolinus Quinctius on the left against the Veientes advanced their standards; in front of the center of the line, the master of the horse advanced with the cavalry.
parumper silentium et quies fuit nec Etruscis, nisi cogerentur, pugnam inituris3 et dictatore arcem Romanam respectante, ut extemplo proelium committeret, si ab auguribus, simul aves rite admisissent,4 ex conposito tolleretur signum.
For a short time there was silence and quiet, as the Etruscans were not about to begin the battle unless they were forced, and the dictator was looking back at the Roman citadel, so that he might engage in battle immediately if the signal should be raised by the augurs, as soon as the birds had duly given their approval, according to their agreement.
quod ubi conspexit, primos equites clamore sublato in hostem emisit;
When he beheld this, having raised a shout, he sent the first of the cavalry against the enemy;
secuta peditum acies ingenti vi conflixit. nulla parte legiones Etruscae sustinuere impetum Romanorum; eques maxime resistebat; equitumque longe fortissimus ipse rex ab omni parte effuse sequentibus obequitans Romanis trahebat certamen.
the battle line of the infantry, following them, clashed with great force. In no part did the Etruscan legions withstand the onslaught of the Romans; the cavalry resisted most of all, and the king himself, by far the bravest of the cavalry, riding against the Romans who were pursuing in a scattered manner from every direction, prolonged the contest.
- 4.18.1poscere
Both poscere and esse are historical infinitives, equivalent to the imperfect indicative (namely poscebant and erat / habebant).
- 4.18.3militibus castra urbemque se oppugnaturos frementibus
militibus... frementibus is an ablative absolute construction. The participle frementibus governs an accusative with infinitive clause (se oppugnaturos [esse]) representing indirect speech, expressing that the soldiers were clamoring that "they would attack."
- 4.18.6nec Etruscis, nisi cogerentur, pugnam inituris
inituris is a future active participle agreeing with the dative Etruscis. This is a variation of the dative of possessor (or dative of reference) expressing intention or imminent action: "the Etruscans had no intention of beginning the battle."
- 4.18.6simul aves rite admisissent
A technical term of augury. The subject of the subjunctive pluperfect admisissent is aves (the birds), used intransitively to mean "as soon as the birds had given their approval (by showing favorable signs)."
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-22)
- 2026-09-22 AI review — source 1