- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:38.2.1-38.2.14
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
Upon hearing of the Athamanian revolt, Philip marches into the territory but is ambushed and forced to retreat with heavy losses. Meanwhile, his officer Xenon, who had occupied Aethopia, is surrounded and his force is destroyed.
Philippus audita defectione Athamaniae cum sex milibus armatorum profectus ingenti celeritate Gomphos pervenit.
Philip, having heard of the revolt of Athamania, set out with six thousand armed men and arrived at Gomphi with great speed.
ibi relicta maiore parte exercitus — neque enim ad tanta itinera sufficerent1 — cum duobus milibus Athenaeum, quod unum a praesidio suo retentum fuerat, pervenit.
Leaving the greater part of his army there — for they would not have been equal to such arduous marches — he arrived with two thousand men at Athenaeum, which alone had been retained by his garrison.
inde proximis temptatis cum facile animadvertisset cetera hostilia esse, Gomphos regressus omnibus copiis simul in Athamaniam redit.
Having made attempts from there on the neighboring places, when he easily perceived that the rest was hostile, he returned to Gomphi and then re-entered Athamania with all his forces together.
Xenonem inde cum mille peditibus praemissum Aethopiam occupare iubet, opportune Argitheae imminentem;
From there he ordered Xenon, who had been sent ahead with a thousand infantry, to occupy Aethopia, which opportunely overlooked Argithea;
quem ubi teneri ab suis locum vidit, ipse circa templum Iovis Acraei posuit castra. ibi unum diem foeda tempestate retentus, postero die ducere2 ad Argitheam intendit.
When he saw that this place was held by his men, he himself pitched camp around the temple of Jupiter Acraeus. Having been detained there for one day by a foul storm, on the following day he intended to march towards Argithea.
euntibus3 extemplo apparuere Athamanes in tumulos imminentis viae discurrentes. ad quorum conspectum constitere prima signa, totoque agmine pavor et trepidatio erat, et pro se quisque, quidnam futurum esset, cogitare,4 si in valles subiectas rupibus agmen foret demissum.
As they were marching, suddenly there appeared Athamanians running about on the hills that overlooked the road. At the sight of them, the foremost standards halted, and there was panic and trepidation throughout the entire line of march, and each one for himself pondered what would happen if the column should be led down into the valleys that lay beneath the cliffs.
haec tumultuatio regem cupientem, si se sequerentur, raptim evadere angustias, revocare primos et eadem, qua venerat, via referre coegit signa. Athamanes primo ex intervallo quieti sequebantur;
This confusion compelled the king, who wished to escape the pass rapidly if they would follow him, to recall the foremost and to retreat by the same road by which he had come. At first, the Athamanians followed quietly at a distance;
postquam Aetoli se coniunxerunt, hos, ut ab tergo agmini instarent, reliquerunt, ipsi ab lateribus se circumfuderunt, quidam per notas calles breviore via praegressi transitus insedere; tantumque tumultus Macedonibus est iniectum, ut fugae magis effusae quam itineris ordinati modo multis armis virisque relictis flumen traiecerint.5
after the Aetolians joined them, they left the latter to press upon the rear of the column, while they themselves threw themselves around the flanks; some, having gone ahead along familiar paths by a shorter route, occupied the passes; and so great a panic was struck into the Macedonians that they crossed the river in the manner of a scattered flight rather than an orderly march, leaving behind many arms and men.
hic finis sequendi fuit. inde tuto Macedones Gomphos et a Gomphis in Macedoniam redierunt.
Here was the end of the pursuit. From there the Macedonians returned safely to Gomphi, and from Gomphi to Macedonia.
Athamanes Aetolique Aethopiam ad Xenonem ac mille Macedonas opprimendos undique concurrerunt.
The Athamanians and Aetolians rushed from all sides to Aethopia to crush Xenon and his thousand Macedonians.
Macedones parum loco freti ab Aethopia in altiorem deruptioremque undique tumulum concessere; quo pluribus ex locis aditu invento expulere eos Athamanes, dispersosque et per invia atque ignotas rupes iter fugae non expedientis partim ceperunt partim interfecerunt. multi pavore in derupta praecipitati; perpauci cum Xenone ad regem evaserunt. postea per indutias sepeliendi caesos potestas facta est.
The Macedonians, trusting little in the place, withdrew from Aethopia to a hill that was higher and steeper on all sides; access having been found to this place from several directions, the Athamanians drove them out, and having dispersed them as they attempted a difficult flight through trackless ways and unknown cliffs, they partly captured and partly slew them. Many, in panic, threw themselves down the precipices; very few escaped with Xenon to the king. Afterwards, during a truce, permission was granted to bury the slain.
- 38.2.2sufficerent
The subjunctive imperfect is used here in a causal clause with "enim". In addition to being in sequence with the historical main verb, it carries a potential subjunctive force ("they would not have been able to endure, had they been led").
- 38.2.5ducere
Although "duco" (to lead) is transitive, here it is used intransitively in a military sense, with the omission of objects like "exercitum" or "signa", meaning "to march" or "to advance".
- 38.2.6euntibus
Dative plural of the present participle of "eo" (to go). It functions as a dative of reference or relation, indicating the persons to whose view the Athamanians suddenly appeared as they were marching.
- 38.2.7cogitare
Historical infinitive. It functions here in place of an imperfect indicative (cogitabant / cogitabat), with "pro se quisque" acting as the subject. It is used to present a vivid and rapid narration of the panic.
- 38.2.10traiecerint
In the result clause introduced by "ut", the perfect subjunctive "traiecerint" is used instead of the expected imperfect subjunctive "traicerent" (following historical sequence). This is a characteristic historical usage emphasizing the actual historical occurrence of the result as a completed event.