- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:38.18.1-38.18.15
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The consul begins his march after sending envoys to Eposognatus, passing through the woodless region of Axylos to the Sangarius River. After receiving a prophecy of victory from the priests of the Great Mother, he reaches Gordium and learns that the Gauls have fled to Mount Olympus to defend themselves.
contione dimissa missisque ad Eposognatum legatis, qui unus ex regulis et in Eumenis manserat amicitia et negaverat Antiocho adversus Romanos auxilia, castra movit. primo die ad Alandrum flumen, postero ad vicum quem vocant Tyscon ventum.1
Having dismissed the assembly and sent legates to Eposognatus, who alone of the petty kings had remained in friendship with Eumenes and had denied auxiliaries to Antiochus against the Romans, the consul moved his camp. On the first day they came to the Alandus river, on the next day to the village which they call Tyscon.
eo legati Oroandensium cum venissent amicitiam petentes, ducenta talenta his sunt imperata, precantibusque, ut domum renuntiarent,2 potestas facta. ducere inde exercitum consul ad Pliten intendit; deinde ad Alyattos castra posita. eo missi ad Eposognatum redierunt, et legati reguli orantes, ne Tectosagis bellum inferret; ipsum in eam gentem iturum Eposognatum persuasurumque,3 ut imperata faciant.
When the legates of the Oroandensian people came there seeking friendship, two hundred talents were demanded of them; and upon their entreating, they were given the power to report back home. From there the consul intended to lead his army toward Plite; then the camp was pitched at Alyatti. There the envoys sent to Eposognatus returned, along with the legates of the petty king, praying that he should not make war on the Tectosages; they said that Eposognatus himself would go to that nation and persuade them to do what was commanded.
data venia regulo, duci inde exercitus per Axylon quam vocant terram coeptus.4 ab re nomen habet: non ligni modo quicquam, sed ne spinas quidem aut ullum aliud alimentum fert ignis; fimo bubulo pro lignis utuntur.
Indulgence having been granted to the petty king, the army began to be led from there through the land which they call Axylos. It has its name from the fact: it bears not only no wood of any kind, but not even thorns or any other nourishment for fire; they use cow dung instead of wood.
ad Cuballum, Gallograeciae castellum, castra habentibus Romanis5 apparuere cum magno tumultu hostium equites, nec turbarunt tantum Romanas stationes repente invecti, sed quosdam etiam occiderunt.
While the Romans were keeping camp at Cuballum, a fortress of Gallograecia, the enemy’s cavalry appeared with a great tumult, and, having suddenly charged, they not only threw the Roman outposts into confusion but even killed some.
qui tumultus cum in castra perlatus esset, effusus repente omnibus portis equitatus Romanus fudit fugavitque Gallos et aliquot fugientis occidit.
When this tumult was reported to the camp, the Roman cavalry, suddenly pouring out from all the gates, routed and put the Gauls to flight, and killed some of them as they fled.
inde consul, ut qui iam ad hostis perventum cerneret,6 explorato deinde et cum cura coacto agmine procedebat. et continentibus itineribus cum ad Sangarium flumen venisset, pontem, quia vado nusquam transitus erat, facere instituit. Sangarius ex Adoreo monte per Phrygiam fluens miscetur ad Bithyniam Tymbri fluvio; inde maior iam geminatis aquis per Bithyniam fertur et in Propontidem sese effundit, non tamen tam magnitudine memorabilis, quam quod piscium accolis ingentem vim praebet.
Thereupon the consul, as one who perceived that they had already reached the enemy, proceeded after exploring and with a carefully compacted column. And when, by continuous marches, he had come to the Sangarius river, he determined to build a bridge, because there was nowhere any crossing by a ford. The Sangarius, flowing from Mount Adoreus through Phrygia, joins the Tymbris river near Bithynia; thence, larger now by its doubled waters, it is carried through Bithynia and empties itself into the Propontis, yet not so remarkable for its size as because it provides a vast quantity of fish to the inhabitants along its banks.
transgressis ponte perfecto flumen praeter ripam euntibus7 Galli Matris Magnae a Pessinunte occurrere cum insignibus suis, vaticinantes fanatico carmine deam Romanis viam belli et victoriam dare imperiumque eius regionis.
When they had crossed after the bridge was completed and were marching along the bank, the Galli of the Great Mother from Pessinus met them with their insignias, prophesying in a fanatical song that the goddess was giving the Romans the way of war, victory, and the dominion over that region.
accipere se omen cum dixisset consul, castra eo ipso loco posuit.
When the consul said that he accepted the omen, he pitched his camp in that very place.
postero die ad Gordium pervenit. id haud magnum quidem oppidum est, sed plus quam mediterraneum celebre et frequens emporium.
On the following day he arrived at Gordium. This is indeed not a large town, but a celebrated and crowded emporium, more so than is usual for an inland town.
tria maria pari ferme distantia intervallo habet, ad Hellespontum, ad Sinopen, et alterius orae litora, qua Cilices maritimi colunt; multarum magnarumque praeterea gentium finis contingit, quarum commercium in eum maxime locum mutui usus contraxere.8
It has three seas at almost an equal distance: toward the Hellespont, toward Sinope, and the shores of the other coast where the maritime Cilicians dwell; moreover, it touches the borders of many great nations, whose commerce mutual utility has drawn together especially to that place.
id tum desertum fuga incolarum oppidum, refertum idem copia rerum omnium invenerunt.
They found this town then deserted by the flight of its inhabitants, but at the same time filled with an abundance of all things.
ibi stativa habentibus legati ab Eposognato venerunt nuntiantes profectum eum ad regulos Gallorum nihil aequi impetrasse;
While they had their stationary camp there, legates came from Eposognatus, announcing that he had set out to the petty kings of the Gauls but had obtained nothing fair;
ex campestribus vicis agrisque frequentes demigrare et cum coniugibus ac liberis, quae ferre atque agere possint, prae se agentis portantisque9 Olympum montem petere, ut inde armis locorumque situ sese tueantur.
and that they were migrating in crowds from the lowland villages and fields, and with their wives and children, driving and carrying before them what they could carry and drive, were heading for Mount Olympus, in order to defend themselves from there with arms and by the nature of the terrain.
- 38.18.1ventum
Ellipsis of ventum [est], an impersonal perfect passive of the intransitive verb venire, meaning "they came" or "arrival was made."
- 38.18.3ut domum renuntiarent
A noun clause introduced by ut which explains the content of potestas (opportunity, power), meaning "the opportunity to report back home." domum is an accusative of direction.
- 38.18.3ipsum in eam gentem iturum Eposognatum persuasurumque
Indirect discourse (accusative and infinitive construction) dependent on orantes (or a verb of speaking implied by it). The subject is Eposognatum (accusative), emphasized by the intensive pronoun ipsum. The infinitives are iturum [esse] and persuasurum [esse].
- 38.18.4duci inde exercitus per Axylon quam vocant terram coeptus
The verb coepisse (to begin) takes a passive form (coeptus est) when combined with a passive infinitive (here, duci), in accordance with classical Latin grammar. The subject is exercitus (masc. sing.), with which coeptus (masc. sing.) agrees.
- 38.18.5castra habentibus Romanis
Romanis (along with the participle habentibus) is a dative complement governed by the main verb apparuere (appeared), meaning "appeared to the Romans who were keeping camp." It is a dative, not an ablative absolute.
- 38.18.7ut qui iam ad hostis perventum cerneret
ut qui with the subjunctive (cerneret) describes the subjective reason or character of the subject. perventum [esse] is an impersonal accusative infinitive passive of the intransitive verb pervenire, serving as the object of cerneret, meaning "since he perceived that they had already arrived at the enemy's territory."
- 38.18.9transgressis ponte perfecto flumen praeter ripam euntibus
transgressis and euntibus are dative plural participles serving as the dative complement of the main verb occurre (= occurrerunt, met), meaning "met them as they crossed and were marching." The phrase ponte perfecto is an ablative absolute inserted in between.
- 38.18.12quarum commercium in eum maxime locum mutui usus contraxere
contraxere is the shortened form of the third-person plural perfect active contraxerunt. The subject is mutui usus (plural, "mutual utility"), and the object is quarum commercium (the commerce of which nations).
- 38.18.15quae ferre atque agere possint, prae se agentis portantisque
quae is a neuter plural accusative relative pronoun, serving as the object of ferre (to carry, of inanimate things) and agere (to drive, of livestock). agentis and portantis are accusative plural participles (using -is for -es, modifying the accusative subject of the infinitive petere), meaning "driving and carrying [these things] before them."