- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:38.16.1-38.16.15
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- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
This chunk describes the historical background of the Gauls entering Asia Minor (Galatia), dividing the territory and tribute among their three tribes, and maintaining their power despite the resistance of King Attalus until the Roman intervention.
Galli, magna hominum vis, seu inopia agri seu praedae spe, nullam gentem, per quas ituri essent,1 parem armis rati, Brenno duce in Dardanos pervenerunt. ibi seditio orta est; ad viginti milia hominum cum Lonorio ac Lutario regulis secessione facta a Brenno in Thraeciam iter avertunt.
The Gauls, a great multitude of men, whether through scarcity of land or the hope of plunder, thinking that no nation through which they were to pass was a match for them in arms, arrived under the leadership of Brennus among the Dardani. There a mutiny arose; about twenty thousand men, having revolted from Brennus under the chieftains Lonorius and Lutarius, turned their march into Thrace.
ubi cum resistentibus pugnando, pacem petentibus stipendium imponendo Byzantium cum pervenissent, aliquamdiu oram Propontidis, vectigalis habendo2 regionis eius urbes, obtinuerunt. cupido inde eos in Asiam transeundi, audientis ex propinquo, quanta ubertas eius terrae esset, cepit; et Lysimachia fraude capta Chersonesoque omni armis possessa ad Hellespontum descenderunt.
When, by fighting against those who resisted and imposing tribute on those who sued for peace, they had arrived at Byzantium, they held for some time the coast of the Propontis, making the cities of that region tributary. Then a desire to cross over into Asia seized them, as they heard from close at hand how great the fertility of that land was; and having captured Lysimachia by treachery and possessed the whole Chersonese by force of arms, they went down to the Hellespont.
ibi vero exiguo divisam freto cernentibus Asiam3 multo magis animi ad transeundum accensi; nuntiosque ad Antipatrum praefectum eius orae de transitu mittebant. quae res cum lentius spe ipsorum traheretur, alia rursus nova inter regulos seditio orta est. Lonorius retro, unde venerat, cum maiore parte hominum repetit Byzantium; Lutarius Macedonibus per speciem legationis ab Antipatro ad speculandum missis duas tectas naves et tris lembos adimit. iis alios atque alios dies noctesque travehendo intra paucos dies omnis copias traicit.
But when they beheld Asia separated from them by only a narrow strait, their minds were much more inflamed with the desire to cross; and they kept sending messengers to Antipater, the governor of that coast, concerning their passage. When this matter was dragged out more slowly than they hoped, another new mutiny arose among the chieftains. Lonorius, with the greater part of the men, returned back to Byzantium, whence he had come; Lutarius took away two decked ships and three boats from the Macedonians who had been sent by Antipater under the pretense of an embassy to spy. By ferrying others over day and night, he crossed all his forces within a few days.
haud ita multo post Lonorius adiuvante Nicomede Bithyniae rege a Byzantio transmisit.
Not long afterwards, Lonorius, with the assistance of Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, crossed over from Byzantium.
coeunt deinde in unum rursus Galli et auxilia Nicomedi dant adversus Ziboetam, tenentem partem Bithyniae, gerenti bellum.
Then the Gauls united again and gave aid to Nicomedes against Ziboetas, who held a part of Bithynia and was waging war against him.
atque eorum maxime opera devictus Ziboeta est, Bithyniaque omnis in dicionem Nicomedis concessit. profecti ex Bithynia in Asiam processerunt. non plus ex viginti milibus hominum quam decem armata erant.
And chiefly by their help Ziboetas was defeated, and all Bithynia came under the power of Nicomedes. Setting out from Bithynia, they advanced into Asia. Of the twenty thousand men, not more than ten thousand were armed.
tamen tantum terroris omnibus quae cis Taurum incolunt gentibus iniecerunt, ut quas adissent quasque non adissent, pariter ultimae propinquis,4 imperio parerent.
Yet they inspired so much terror in all the nations that dwell on this side of Taurus, that those whom they had visited and those whom they had not visited, the most remote equally with those near, obeyed their command.
postremo cum tres essent gentes, Tolostobogii Trocmi Tectosages, in tris partis, qua cuique populorum suorum vectigalis Asia esset,5 diviserunt. Trocmis Hellesponti ora data; Tolostobogii Aeolida atque Ioniam, Tectosages mediterranea Asiae sortiti sunt. et stipendium tota cis Taurum Asia exigebant, sedem autem ipsi sibi circa Halyn flumen cepere. tantusque terror eorum nominis erat, multitudine etiam magna subole aucta, ut Syriae quoque ad postremum reges stipendium dare non abnuerent.
At last, since there were three tribes, the Tolostobogii, the Trocmi, and the Tectosages, they divided Asia into three parts, according to which part should be tributary to each of their tribes. To the Trocmi the coast of the Hellespont was given; the Tolostobogii obtained by lot Aeolis and Ionia, and the Tectosages the inland parts of Asia. And they exacted tribute from the whole of Asia on this side of Taurus, but they themselves took their seat around the river Halys. And so great was the terror of their name, their multitude also being increased by a large progeny, that even the kings of Syria at last did not refuse to pay them tribute.
primus Asiam incolentium abnuit Attalus, pater regis Eumenis; audacique incepto praeter opinionem omnium adfuit fortuna, et signis collatis superior fuit. non tamen ita infregit animos eorum, ut absisterent imperio;
Attalus, the father of King Eumenes, was the first of those inhabiting Asia to refuse; and fortune favored his bold undertaking beyond the expectation of all, and he was superior in a pitched battle. Yet he did not so break their spirits that they desisted from their dominion;
eaedem opes usque ad bellum Antiochi cum Romanis manserunt. tum quoque, pulso Antiocho, magnam spem habuerunt, quia procul mari incolerent, Romanum exercitum ad se non perventurum.
their power remained the same until the war of Antiochus with the Romans. Even then, after Antiochus was defeated, they had great hope that, because they dwelt far from the sea, the Roman army would not reach them.
- 38.16.1per quas ituri essent
The relative pronoun quas is in the feminine plural accusative, agreeing not with the grammatical form of the singular antecedent gentem but with its plural meaning (constructio ad intellectum). The subjunctive ituri essent expresses intended action future to a past tense.
- 38.16.3vectigalis habendo
vectigalis is an accusative plural form (retaining the archaic -is instead of -es for the third declension adjective vectigalis, -e) modifying urbes. habendo is the ablative of the gerund, used with a double accusative construction ('by keeping the cities as tributary').
- 38.16.5cernentibus Asiam
The dative plural of the present participle. It functions as a dative of possession (or reference) in relation to the subject of the main clause animi, yielding the sense 'the minds of them beholding Asia'.
- 38.16.10pariter ultimae propinquis
The nominative plural adjective ultimae ('the most remote') is contrasted with the dative plural propinquis ('those who were near'). This represents a variation of the pariter ac ('equally with') construction, where propinquis is in the dative case because it is governed by parerent.
- 38.16.11qua cuique populorum suorum vectigalis Asia esset
An indirect question. qua is an adverbial relative ('in which part' or 'whereby'). vectigalis is an adjective modifying Asia, and cuique ('to each') is a dative with populorum suorum, meaning 'in what part Asia should be tributary to each of their tribes'.