- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:37.23.1-37.23.11
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The Rhodian fleet, waiting at Phaselis, moved away due to an outbreak of pestilence and learned of the Syrian fleet's approach near the Eurymedon River. The two fleets met off Side, but the Rhodians suffered initial confusion due to their commander Eudamus's inadequate maneuvering and haste.
in confinio Lyciae et Pamphyliae Phaselis est; prominet penitus in altum conspiciturque prima terrarum Rhodum a Cilicia petentibus1 et procul navium praebet prospectum. eo maxime, ut in obvio classi hostium essent, electus locus est;
Phaselis is on the boundary of Lycia and Pamphylia; it projects deep into the sea and is the first of the lands sighted by those making for Rhodes from Cilicia, and offers a view of ships from afar. For this reason especially, so that they might be in the path of the enemy’s fleet, the place was chosen.
ceterum, quod non providerunt, et loco gravi et tempore anni — medium enim aestatis erat —, ad hoc insolito odore ingruere morbi vulgo, maxime in remiges, coeperunt.
But, what they did not foresee, both because of the unhealthy locality and the season of the year—for it was midsummer—and in addition to this, because of an unusual odor, diseases began to spread generally, especially among the rowers.
cuius pestilentiae metu profecti cum praeterveherentur Pamphylium sinum, ad Eurymedontem amnem appulsa classe audiunt ab Aspendiis ad Sidam hostis esse.
Having set out from fear of this pestilence, while they were sailing past the Pamphylian gulf, they brought the fleet to land at the Eurymedon river and heard from the Aspendians that the enemy were near Side.
tardius navigaverant regii adverso tempore etesiarum, quod velut statum favoniis ventis est.2 Rhodiorum duae et triginta quadriremes et quattuor triremes fuere;
The king’s fleet had sailed more slowly due to the contrary season of the Etesian winds, which is, as it were, a regular period for west winds. The Rhodians had thirty-two quadriremes and four triremes;
regia classis septem et triginta maioris formae navium erat; in quibus tres hepteres, quattuor hexeres habebat. praeter has decem triremes erant. et hi adesse hostis ex specula quadam cognoverunt.
the king’s fleet consisted of thirty-seven ships of larger size, among which he had three hepteres and four hexeres. In addition to these there were ten triremes. They too learned from a certain lookout that the enemy were at hand.
utraque classis postero die luce prima, tamquam eo die pugnatura, e portu movit; et postquam superavere Rhodii promunturium, quod ab Sida prominet in altum, extemplo et conspecti ab hostibus sunt et ipsi eos viderunt.
Both fleets moved out of harbor at dawn on the next day, as if about to fight on that day; and after the Rhodians doubled the promontory which projects into the sea from Side, they were immediately sighted by the enemy and saw them themselves.
ab regiis sinistro cornu, quod ab alto obiectum erat, Hannibal, dextro Apollonius, purpuratorum unus, praeerat; et iam in frontem derectas habebant naves.
On the king’s side, Hannibal commanded the left wing, which was stationed toward the open sea, and Apollonius, one of the court nobles, the right; and they already had their ships drawn up in line of battle.
Rhodii longo agmine veniebant; prima praetoria navis Eudami erat; cogebat agmen Chariclitus; Pamphilidas mediae classi praeerat.
The Rhodians were coming in a long column; Eudamus’ flagship was at the head; Chariclitus was bringing up the rear; Pamphilidas was in command of the center of the fleet.
Eudamus postquam hostium aciem instructam et paratam ad concurrendum vidit, et ipse in altum evehitur, et deinceps quae sequebantur servantes ordinem in frontem derigere iubet.
When Eudamus saw the enemy’s line drawn up and ready for battle, he himself also moved out into the open sea, and ordered those following in succession to form in line, keeping their order.
ea res primo tumultum praebuit; nam nec sic in altum evectus erat, ut ordo omnium navium ad terram explicari posset, et festinans ipse3 praepropere cum quinque solis navibus Hannibali occurrit; ceteri quia in frontem derigere iussi erant, non sequebantur. extremo agmini loci nihil ad terram relicti erat;4 trepidantibusque iis inter se iam in dextro cornu adversus Hannibalem pugnabatur.
This move at first caused confusion; for he had not moved so far into the open sea that the line of all the ships could be deployed towards the land, and in his excessive haste he himself encountered Hannibal with only five ships; the others, because they had been ordered to form in line, did not follow. No space toward the land was left for the rear of the column; and while they were in confusion among themselves, the battle was already being fought on the right wing against Hannibal.
- 37.23.1petentibus
Dative plural of the present participle, functioning as a dative of reference or judgment (dativus iudicantis), meaning "for those who are making their way to Rhodes from Cilicia."
- 37.23.4adverso tempore etesiarum, quod velut statum favoniis ventis est
The relative pronoun quod (neuter singular) refers back to the concept of the season of the Etesian winds (tempus etesiarum). favoniis ventis is a dative ("for the west winds"). The clause explains the meteorological phenomenon that the Etesian winds blow regularly in opposition to or in relation to the westerly winds during this season.
- 37.23.10nec sic in altum evectus erat, ut ordo omnium navium ad terram explicari posset, et festinans ipse...
The correlative structure nec... et... coordinates two reasons: "he had not advanced far enough into the deep, and he himself was hastening too fast." The ut clause is a result clause correlated with sic ("not to such an extent... that the line of all ships could be deployed towards the land").
- 37.23.11extremo agmini loci nihil ad terram relicti erat
In the phrase loci nihil... relicti, both loci (space) and relicti (left) are partitive genitives modifying the neuter pronoun nihil. Literally, "nothing of space left was to the rear of the column toward the land."