- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:35.5.1-35.5.14
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
A fierce battle begins between the Roman army led by consul Merula and the Boii. Although the Romans initially struggle, they send in reinforcements and launch a cavalry charge, securing a major victory with significant casualties on both sides.
hora secunda ferme concursum est.1 sinistra sociorum ala et extraordinarii prima in acie pugnabant; praeerant duo consulares legati, M. Marcellus et Ti. Sempronius, prioris anni consul. novus consul nunc ad prima signa erat, nunc legiones continebat in subsidiis, ne certaminis studio prius procurrerent, quam datum signum esset.
At about the second hour, the clash occurred. The left wing of the allies and the extraordinarii were fighting in the front line; two legates of consular rank, Marcus Marcellus and Tiberius Sempronius, were in command of them, the latter having been consul of the previous year. The new consul was now at the front lines, now keeping the legions in reserve, lest in their eagerness for battle they should charge before the signal was given.
equites earum extra aciem in locum patentem Q. et P. Minucios tribunos militum educere iussit, unde, cum signum dedisset, impetum ex aperto facerent.
He ordered the military tribunes Quintus and Publius Minucius to lead the cavalry of those legions out of the battle line into an open space, from where, when he gave the signal, they might make a charge from the open ground.
haec agenti2 nuntius venit a Ti. Sempronio Longo non sustinere extraordinarios impetum Gallorum;
While he was doing this, a messenger came from Tiberius Sempronius Longus, stating that the extraordinarii were not sustaining the onset of the Gauls;
et. caesos permultos esse et, qui supersint, partim labore partim metu remisisse ardorem pugnae. legionem alteram ex duabus, si videretur, summitteret, priusquam ignominia acciperetur.
and that very many had been slain, and those who survived had, partly from exhaustion and partly from fear, lost their ardor for fighting. He begged that the consul, if it seemed best, should send one of the two legions as reinforcement, before a disgraceful defeat was sustained.
secunda missa est legio, et extraordinarii recepti. tum redintegrata est pugna, cum et recens miles et frequens ordinibus legio successisset.
The second legion was sent, and the extraordinarii were withdrawn. Then the battle was renewed, since both fresh soldiers and a legion with full ranks had succeeded them.
et sinistra ala ex proelio subducta est, dextra in primam aciem subiit. sol ingenti ardore torrebat minime patientia aestus Gallorum corpora; densis tamen ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum.
The left wing was also withdrawn from the battle, and the right wing advanced into the front line. The sun with its intense heat was scorching the bodies of the Gauls, which were least capable of enduring heat; yet in close ranks, now leaning against one another, now upon their shields, they sustained the attacks of the Romans.
quod ubi animadvertit consul, ad perturbandos ordines eorum C. Livium Salinatorem, qui praeerat alariis equitibus, quam concitatissimos equos immittere iubet et legionarios equites in subsidiis esse.
When the consul noticed this, in order to throw their ranks into confusion, he ordered Gaius Livius Salinator, who commanded the allied cavalry, to charge them with their horses at full gallop, and the legionary cavalry to remain in reserve.
haec procella equestris primo confudit et turbavit, deinde dissipavit aciem Gallorum, non tamen ut terga darent.3 obstabant duces, hastilibus caedentes terga trepidantium et redire in ordines cogentes; sed interequitantes alarii non patiebantur.
This cavalry charge at first threw the line of the Gauls into confusion and disorder, and then scattered it, yet not so far that they turned their backs and fled. Their leaders stood in the way, striking the backs of the wavering with the shafts of their spears and forcing them back into the ranks; but the allied cavalry, riding in among them, did not allow this.
consul obtestabatur milites, ut paulum adniterentur; victoriam in manibus esse; dum turbatos et trepidantis viderent, instarent; si restitui ordines sivissent, integro rursus eos proelio et dubio dimicaturos.4
The consul implored the soldiers to make a short effort; victory was in their hands; as long as they saw the enemy confused and trembling, they should press on; if they allowed the ranks to be restored, they would have to fight again in a fresh and doubtful battle.
inferre vexillarios iussit signa. omnes conisi tandem averterunt hostem. postquam terga dabant et in fugam passim effundebantur, tum ad persequendos eos legionarii equites immissi.
He ordered the standard-bearers to advance the standards. All making a combined effort, they finally turned the enemy. After they turned their backs and began to scatter in flight everywhere, the legionary cavalry were then sent to pursue them.
quattuordecim milia Boiorum eo die sunt caesa; vivi capti mille nonaginta duo, equites septingenti viginti unus, tres duces eorum, signa militaria ducenta duodecim, carpenta sexaginta tria.
Fourteen thousand of the Boii were slain on that day; one thousand and ninety-two were captured alive, along with seven hundred and twenty-one cavalry, three of their generals, two hundred and twelve military standards, and sixty-three wagons.
nec Romanis incruenta victoria fuit; supra quinque milia militum, ipsorum aut sociorum, amissa, centuriones tres et viginti, praefecti socium quattuor et M. Genucius et Q. et M. Marcii tribuni militum secundae legionis.
Nor was the victory bloodless for the Romans; over five thousand soldiers, either of their own or of the allies, were lost, along with twenty-three centurions, four prefects of the allies, and Marcus Genucius, and Quintus and Marcus Marcius, military tribunes of the second legion.
- 35.5.1concursum est
A third-person singular perfect passive of the intransitive verb concurrere (to clash), used impersonally. It expresses the occurrence of the action itself ("the clash occurred") without specifying a subject.
- 35.5.4haec agenti
The dative singular masculine of the present active participle agens (doing), referring to the consul Merula. It functions as a dative of reference or relation with nuntius venit, expressing the temporal circumstance: "while he was doing these things, a messenger came."
- 35.5.10non tamen ut terga darent
A clause of result introduced by ut with the imperfect subjunctive darent, where an adverb of degree like ita or adeo is omitted in the main clause. It expresses a restrictive result: "yet not so far that they fled."
- 35.5.11si restitui ordines sivissent, ... dimicaturos
A conditional sentence in indirect discourse. The condition si... sivissent (pluperfect subjunctive) represents a future-perfect si... siverint in direct discourse, shifted due to sequence of tenses after the historical main verb obtestabatur. The conclusion dimicaturos is a future infinitive (with esse omitted), corresponding to a future indicative in direct discourse.