- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:35.1.1-35.1.12
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
While the praetor Digitius suffered defeats in Nearer Spain, the praetor Scipio achieved great victories beyond the Ebro and against the Lusitanians, causing many towns to surrender and capturing vast booty.
principio anni, quo haec gesta sunt, Sex. Digitius praetor in Hispania citeriore cum civitatibus iis, quae post profectionem M. Catonis permultae rebellaverant, crebra magis quam digna dictu proelia fecit et adeo pleraque adversa, ut vix dimidium militum, quam quod acceperat,1 successori tradiderit.
At the beginning of the year in which these things were done, Sextus Digitius, the praetor in Nearer Spain, fought with those states which had rebelled in great numbers after the departure of Marcus Cato, battles that were frequent rather than worthy of mention, and so mostly unsuccessful that he delivered to his successor scarcely half the number of soldiers than what he had received.
nec dubium est, quin omnis Hispania sublatura animos fuerit,2 ni alter praetor P. Cornelius Cn. F. Scipio trans Iberum multa secunda proelia fecisset, quo terrore non minus quinquaginta oppida ad eum defecerunt.
Nor is there any doubt that all Spain would have taken courage, had not the other praetor, Publius Cornelius Scipio, son of Gnaeus, fought many successful battles beyond the Ebro, by which terror no fewer than fifty towns surrendered to him.
praetor haec gesserat Scipio;
The praetor Scipio had performed these deeds;
idem pro praetore Lusitanos, pervastata ulteriore provincia cum ingenti praeda domum redeuntis, in ipso itinere adgressus ab hora tertia diei ad octavam incerto eventu pugnavit,3 numero militum impar, superior aliis:
the same man, as propraetor, having attacked on their very journey the Lusitanians, who were returning home with immense booty after thoroughly ravaging the Farther province, fought from the third hour of the day to the eighth with an undecided result, unequal in the number of his soldiers, but superior in other respects.
nam et acie frequenti armatis adversus longum et impeditum turba pecorum agmen et recenti milite adversus fessos longo itinere concurrerat.
For he had clashed with a dense line of armed men against a long column impeded by a multitude of cattle, and with fresh soldiers against those fatigued by a long march.
tertia namque vigilia exierant hostes; huic nocturno itineri tres diurnae horae accesserant, nec ulla quiete data laborem viae proelium exceperat.4
For the enemy had set out at the third watch; to this night march three hours of the day had been added, and without any rest being given, the battle had succeeded the labor of the road.
itaque principio pugnae vigoris aliquid in corporibus animisque fuit, et turbaverant primo Romanos; deinde aequata paulisper pugna est. in hoc discrimine ludos Iovi, si fudisset cecidissetque hostis, propraetor vovit.
Therefore, at the beginning of the fight, there was some vigor in their bodies and minds, and at first they threw the Romans into confusion; then for a short time the battle was made equal. In this crisis, the propraetor vowed games to Jupiter if he should rout and cut down the enemy.
tandem gradum acrius intulere Romani, cessitque Lusitanus, deinde prorsus terga dedit; et cum institissent fugientibus victores, ad duodecim milia hostium sunt caesa, capti quingenti quadraginta, omnes ferme equites, et signa militaria capta centum triginta quattuor. de exercitu Romano septuaginta et tres amissi.
At length the Romans advanced their steps more fiercely, and the Lusitanian gave way, and then turned his back completely; and when the victors pressed hard upon the fugitives, up to twelve thousand of the enemy were slain, five hundred and forty were captured, almost all horsemen, and one hundred and thirty-four military standards were taken. Of the Roman army, seventy-three were lost.
pugnatum haud procul Ilipa urbe est; eo victorem opulentum praeda exercitum P. Cornelius reduxit. ea omnis ante urbem exposita est, potestasque dominis suas res cognoscendi facta est; cetera vendenda quaestori data; quod inde refectum est militi divisum.5
The battle was fought not far from the city of Ilipa; thither Publius Cornelius led back his victorious army, rich with booty. All of it was exposed before the city, and opportunity was given to the owners to recognize their own property; the rest was given to the quaestor to be sold; what was realized from there was distributed to the soldiers.
- 35.1.2dimidium militum, quam quod acceperat
The clause quam quod acceperat after dimidium functions like a comparison after a word of dimension ('scarcely half... than what he had received'), meaning 'than that which he had received'.
- 35.1.3sublatura animos fuerit
Within the noun clause introduced by non dubium est quin, the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition is expressed by the active periphrastic subjunctive perfect (future participle sublatura + fuerit).
- 35.1.5Lusitanos... adgressus... pugnavit
The main verb is pugnavit, and its subject is idem (Scipio). adgressus is the perfect participle of the deponent verb adgredior, agreeing with the subject and describing an action prior to the main verb ('having attacked the Lusitanians').
- 35.1.7laborem viae proelium exceperat
proelium is the subject, and laborem is the accusative object. The verb excipere here means 'to succeed' or 'to take the place of', indicating that the battle immediately followed the fatigue of the journey.
- 35.1.12quod inde refectum est militi divisum
The relative pronoun quod (neuter singular) contains its antecedent id and is the subject of refectum est. The main verb of the clause, est, is omitted by ellipsis after divisum, meaning 'that which was realized from there was distributed'.