- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.47.1-34.47.8
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
A fierce battle ensues around the Roman camp with the Gauls, which ends after the Gauls are worn out by heat and fatigue, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides before the consul withdraws to Placentia.
iam hi extra vallum pugnabant quarta legione in porta haerente,1 cum alius tumultus ex aversa parte castrorum est exortus.2
Already these men were fighting outside the rampart while the fourth legion was stuck in the gate, when another tumult arose from the opposite side of the camp.
in portam quaestoriam irruperant Galli resistentisque pertinacius occiderant L. Postumium quaestorem, cui Tympano fuit cognomen,3 et M. Atinium et P. Sempronium, praefectos socium,4 et ducentos ferme milites.
The Gauls had burst into the quaestorian gate and, having slain those who resisted quite stubbornly, had killed the quaestor Lucius Postumius, whose surname was Tympanus, and Marcus Atinius and Publius Sempronius, prefects of the allies, and about two hundred soldiers.
capta ab ea parte castra erant, donec cohors extraordinaria, missa a consule ad tuendam quaestoriam portam, et eos, qui intra vallum erant, partim occidit, partim expulit castris et irrumpentibus obstitit.
The camp had been captured on that side, until the extraordinary cohort, sent by the consul to protect the quaestorian gate, partly killed and partly drove out of the camp those who were inside the rampart, and withstood those who were bursting in.
eodem fere tempore et quarta legio cum duabus extraordinariis cohortibus porta erupit. ita simul tria proelia circa castra locis distantibus erant, clamoresque dissoni ad incertos suorum eventus a praesenti certamine animos pugnantium avertebant.
At about the same time, the fourth legion also, with two extraordinary cohorts, burst out from the gate. Thus there were simultaneously three battles around the camp in different places, and the discordant shouts diverted the minds of those fighting from the immediate conflict towards the uncertain fortunes of their own men.
usque ad meridiem aequis viribus ac prope pari spe pugnatum est. labor et aestus mollia et fluida corpora Gallorum et minime patientia sitis cum decedere pugna coegisset, in paucos restantis impetum Romani fecerunt fusosque compulerunt in castra.
Until noon the battle was fought with equal strength and almost equal hope. When toil and heat had forced the soft and flabby bodies of the Gauls, which were least able to endure thirst, to withdraw from the battle, the Romans made a charge upon the few who remained, and having routed them, drove them into their camp.
signum inde receptui ab consule datum est; ad quod pars maior receperunt sese, pars certaminis studio et spe potiundi castris5 hostium perstitit ad vallum.
Then the signal for retreat was given by the consul; at this, the greater part withdrew, but a part, from eagerness for the fight and hope of gaining possession of the enemy’s camp, persisted at the rampart.
eorum paucitate contempta Galli universi ex castris eruperunt; fusi inde Romani, quae imperio consulis noluerant,6 suo pavore ac terrore castra repetunt. ita varia hinc atque illinc nunc fuga, nunc victoria fuit;
Despising their small number, all the Gauls burst out from their camp; the Romans, routed thereupon, sought their own camp in fear and terror, doing out of their own panic what they had been unwilling to do at the command of the consul. Thus, on this side and on that, now flight, now victory was shifting;
Gallorum tamen ad undecim milia, Romanorum quinque milia sunt occisa. Galli recepere in intima finium sese; consul Placentiam legiones duxit.
Nevertheless, about eleven thousand of the Gauls and five thousand of the Romans were slain. The Gauls withdrew into the innermost parts of their territory; the consul led his legions to Placentia.
- 34.47.1quarta legione in porta haerente
Ablative absolute construction expressing a simultaneous circumstance to the action of the main clause introduced by "cum". "While the fourth legion was stuck in the gate".
- 34.47.1cum alius tumultus ex aversa parte castrorum est exortus
The so-called "cum inversum" (inverted cum) construction, where the main clause (in the imperfect tense) describes the background situation, and the cum-clause (in the perfect indicative) introduces a sudden, main event.
- 34.47.2cui Tympano fuit cognomen
A construction where the name (Tympano) is attracted into the dative case to agree with the dative of possessor (cui). Literally, "to whom there was the surname Tympanus".
- 34.47.2socium
An archaic or contracted genitive plural of the second declension noun "socius" (= sociorum). "praefecti socium" means "prefects of the allies".
- 34.47.6potiundi castris
A gerundive construction where the gerundive "potiundi" (an archaic -undu- form of potior, which takes the ablative) agrees in gender, number, and case with the ablative "castris".
- 34.47.7quae imperio consulis noluerant
The relative pronoun "quae" (neuter plural accusative) has no explicit antecedent and refers contextually to the action of returning to camp (castra repetere or recipere sese). Literally, "what they had been unwilling to do at the command of the consul (they now did out of panic)".