- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.37.1-34.37.8
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
Indignant at the conditions, the Lacedaemonians take up arms; Nabis summons an assembly and incites them to choose war, leading to the commencement of hostilities.
haec inter se primo in circulis serentes fremere;1 deinde subito ad arma discurrerunt.
At first, spreading these complaints among themselves in small groups, they began to grumble; then suddenly they rushed to arms.
quo tumultu cum per se satis irritatam multitudinem cerneret tyrannus, contionem advocari iussit.
When the tyrant saw that the multitude, already sufficiently excited of itself, was aroused by this tumult, he ordered an assembly to be summoned.
ubi cum ea, quae imperarentur ab Romanis, exposuisset et graviora atque indigniora quaedam falso adfinxisset, et ad singula nunc ab universis, nunc a partibus contionis acclamaretur, interrogavit, quid se respondere ad ea aut quid facere vellent.2
When he had there explained the demands imposed by the Romans, and had falsely added certain harsher and more humiliating terms, and shouting arose against each point, now from the whole body, now from parts of the assembly, he asked them what they wished him to reply to those demands or what they wished him to do.
prope una voce omnes nihil responderi et bellum geri iusserunt; et pro se quisque, qualia multitudo solet, bonum animum habere et bene sperare iubentes, fortis fortunam adiuvare aiebant.
Almost with one voice they all ordered that no reply be made and that war be waged; and each for his own part, as a crowd is wont to do, bidding him to keep a good heart and have good hope, they said that fortune favors the brave.
his vocibus incitatus tyrannus et Antiochum Aetolosque adiuturos pronuntiat, et sibi ad obsidionem sustinendam copiarum adfatim esse.3
Encouraged by these voices, the tyrant declared both that Antiochus and the Aetolians would help, and that he had an abundance of forces to sustain a siege.
exciderat pacis mentio ex omnium animis, et in stationes non ultra quieturi discurrunt. paucorum excursio lacessentium et emissa iacula extemplo et Romanis dubitationem, quin bellandum esset,4 exemerunt.
All mention of peace had vanished from the minds of all, and they rushed to their posts, intending to remain quiet no longer. The sally of a few challengers and the javelins they threw immediately removed from the Romans as well any doubt that they must fight.
levia inde proelia per quadriduum primum sine ullo satis certo eventu commissa;
After that, light skirmishes were fought during the first four days without any sufficiently decisive result;
quinto die prope iusta pugna adeo paventes in oppidum Lacedaemonii compulsi sunt, ut quidam milites Romani terga fugientium caedentes per intermissa, ut tunc erant, moenia urbem intrarint.5
on the fifth day, in an almost regular battle, the Lacedaemonians were driven into the town so terrified that certain Roman soldiers, cutting down the backs of the fugitives, entered the city through the gaps in the walls as they then were.
- 34.37.1fremere
Historical infinitive. The subject is the plural referents from the previous context (the soldiers or crowd), used to vividly describe the sudden and general outburst of murmuring.
- 34.37.3quid se respondere ad ea aut quid facere vellent
In the indirect question clause, vellent (with the crowd as subject) governs an accusative and infinitive construction. The reflexive pronoun se (referring to the tyrant Nabis) is the subject accusative of the infinitives respondere and facere, meaning "what they wished him (Nabis) to reply or do."
- 34.37.5copiarum adfatim esse
The adverb adfatim ("sufficiently", "in abundance") functions substantively and takes the partitive genitive copiarum, serving as the subject of the infinitive in indirect speech ("that there was an abundance of forces").
- 34.37.6quin bellandum esset
A quin clause following an expression of removing doubt (dubitationem exemerunt). It contains an impersonal passive periphrastic subjunctive (bellandum esset), meaning "doubt that war must be waged."
- 34.37.8intrarint
The subjunctive in a result clause introduced by ut following the intensive adverb adeo. It is a syncopated form of intraverint (third-person plural perfect active subjunctive).