- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.19.1-34.19.11
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
As the war in Turdetania becomes difficult due to the mercenary Celtiberians, the consul Cato arrives to assist and attempts to negotiate with them by offering three options. When negotiations fail, Cato engages in plundering and advances to attack Saguntia, before ultimately returning to the Ebro with part of his forces.
difficilius bellum in Turdetania praetori P. Manlio Celtiberi mercede exciti ab hostibus, sicut ante dictum est, faciebant. itaque eo consul accersitus litteris praetoris legiones duxit.
In Turdetania, the Celtiberians, who had been hired as mercenaries by the enemy, as was said before, were making the war more difficult for the praetor Publius Manlius. Therefore, the consul, summoned thither by a letter from the praetor, led his legions there.
ubi eo venit, castra separatim Celtiberi et Turdetani habebant. cum Turdetanis extemplo levia proelia incursantes in stationes eorum Romani facere semperque victores ex quamvis temere coepto certamine abire.1
When he arrived there, the Celtiberians and the Turdetani had separate camps. The Romans immediately engaged in skirmishes with the Turdetani, attacking their outposts, and always came off victorious from the conflict, however rashly begun.
ad Celtiberos in colloquium tribunos militum ire consul atque iis trium condicionum electionem ferre iubet, primam, si transire ad Romanos velint et duplex stipendium accipere, quam quantum2 a Turdetanis pepigissent;
The consul ordered the military tribunes to go to the Celtiberians for a conference and to offer them a choice of three conditions: the first, if they wished to go over to the Romans and receive double the pay which they had agreed upon with the Turdetani;
alteram, si domos abire, publica fide accepta, nihil eam rem noxiae futuram, quod hostibus se Romanorum iunxissent;
the second, if they wished to return home, having received a public pledge that this action would bring them no harm for having joined the enemies of the Romans;
tertiam, si utique bellum placeat, diem locumque constituant, ubi secum armis decernant. a Celtiberis dies ad consultandum petita.
the third, if they absolutely preferred war, they should appoint a day and a place where they might decide the issue with him by arms. A day for deliberation was requested by the Celtiberians.
concilium immixtis Turdetanis habitum magno cum tumultu;
A council was held, with the Turdetani intermingling, with great tumult;
eo minus3 decerni quicquam potuit. cum incerta bellum an pax cum Celtiberis essent, commeatus tamen haud secus quam in pace ex agris castellisque hostium Romani portabant, deni saepe munimenta eorum, velut communi pacto commercio, privatis indutiis ingredientes.
on that account, it was the less possible for anything to be decided. Although it was uncertain whether there was war or peace with the Celtiberians, the Romans nevertheless carried provisions from the fields and forts of the enemy just as in peace, often entering their fortifications in groups of ten, as if trade had been mutually agreed upon, under a private truce.
consul ubi hostis ad pugnam elicere nequit, primum praedatum sub signis aliquot expeditas cohortis in agrum integrae regionis ducit, deinde audito,4 Saguntiae Celtiberum5 omnis sarcinas impedimentaque relicta, eo pergit ducere ad oppugnandum. postquam nulla moventur re, persoluto stipendio non suis modo sed etiam praetoris militibus relictoque omni exercitu in castris praetoris ipse cum septem cohortibus ad Hiberum est regressus.
When the consul was unable to entice the enemy to battle, he first led some light-armed cohorts under banners to plunder in the territory of an untouched region; then, having heard that all the baggage and equipment of the Celtiberians had been left at Saguntia, he proceeded to march thither to attack it. After they were moved by no action, having paid the wages not only to his own soldiers but also to those of the praetor, and having left all the army in the praetor’s camp, he himself returned to the Ebro with seven cohorts.
- 34.19.2facere ... abire
Historical infinitives. They are equivalent in meaning to imperfect indicatives (faciebant, abibant), used to create a vivid description.
- 34.19.4quam quantum
The comparative 'duplex' (double) is followed by 'quam'. It means 'double than the amount which they had agreed upon with the Turdetani.'
- 34.19.8eo minus
The ablative neuter singular 'eo' (from 'is') functions either as an ablative of degree of difference or of cause, meaning 'by so much the less' or 'on that account the less.'
- 34.19.10audito
An impersonal ablative absolute, introducing the following accusative and infinitive clause 'Saguntiae ... relicta [esse]'.
- 34.19.10Celtiberum
An archaic contracted genitive plural for Celtiberorum (the genitive plural ending in -um for second declension nouns).
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — source 1