- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:34.15.1-34.15.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
The consul Cato reinforces his lines to break the exhausted enemy and pursues them to their camp. Enforcing strict discipline, Cato leads the second legion to breach the vulnerable left gate, capturing the enemy camp and achieving a decisive victory.
fessos iam suos consul ex secunda acie subsidiariis cohortibus in pugnam inductis accendit.
The consul, having brought the auxiliary cohorts from the second line into the battle, kindled the spirits of his men who were already exhausted.
nova acies facta; integri recentibus telis fatigatos adorti hostis1 primum acri impetu velut cuneo perculerunt, deinde dissipatos in fugam averterunt; effuso per agros cursu castra repetebantur.2
A new battle line was formed; the fresh troops, attacking the exhausted enemy with unused weapons, first shattered them with a fierce charge as if with a wedge, and then turned them into flight once they were scattered; retreating in a headlong run across the fields, they sought their camp.
ubi omnia fuga completa3 vidit Cato, ipse ad secundam legionem, quae in subsidio posita erat, revehitur et signa proferri plenoque gradu ad castra hostium oppugnanda succedere iubet.
When Cato saw that everything was filled with flight, he himself rode back to the second legion, which had been placed in reserve, and ordered the standards to be advanced and the men to march forward at a rapid pace to attack the enemy’s camp.
si quis extra ordinem avidius procurrit, et ipse interequitans sparo percutit et tribunos centurionesque castigare iubet.
If anyone ran forward too eagerly out of line, he himself, riding among them, struck him with a hunting spear and ordered the tribunes and centurions to punish him.
iam castra oppugnabantur, saxisque et sudibus et omni genere telorum summovebantur a vallo Romani. ubi recens admota legio est, tum et oppugnantibus animus crevit, et infensius hostes pro vallo pugnabant. consul omnia oculis perlustrat, ut, qua minima vi resistatur,4 ea parte irrumpat. ad sinistram portam infrequentis videt; eo secundae legionis principes hastatosque inducit.
Already the camp was being attacked, and the Romans were being driven back from the rampart by stones, stakes, and every kind of missile. When the fresh legion was brought up, then the courage of the attackers grew, and the enemy fought even more fiercely in front of the rampart. The consul surveyed everything with his eyes, so that he might break in at that part where there was the least resistance. Seeing only a few men at the left gate, he led the principes and hastati of the second legion to that point.
non sustinuit impetum eorum statio, quae portae apposita erat; et ceteri, postquam intra vallum hostem vident, ipsi castris exuti signa armaque abiciunt.
The guard station which had been placed at the gate did not withstand their attack; and the others, after they saw the enemy inside the rampart, being stripped of their camp, threw down their standards and weapons.
caeduntur in portis, suomet ipsi agmine in arto haerentes. secundani terga hostium caedunt, ceteri castra diripiunt.
They were cut down in the gates, crowded together in a tight space by their own column. The soldiers of the second legion cut down the backs of the enemy; the others plundered the camp.
Valerius Antias supra quadraginta milia hostium caesa eo die scribit; Cato ipse, haud sane detrectator laudum suarum, multos caesos ait, numerum non adscribit.
Valerius Antias writes that over forty thousand of the enemy were slain on that day; Cato himself, by no means a disparager of his own praises, says that many were slain, but does not add the number.
- 34.15.2hostis
The archaic or poetic accusative plural form hostis is used instead of hostes. It is in agreement with the adjective fatigatos and serves as the direct object of the verbs perculerunt and averterunt.
- 34.15.2castra repetebantur
The verb repetebantur is third-person plural passive, with the neuter plural noun castra as its subject. The passive construction "the camp was sought again" objectively describes that the fleeing enemy retreated toward their own camp.
- 34.15.3omnia fuga completa
This is an accusative and infinitive construction acting as the object of the verb of perception vidit, with the perfect passive infinitive copula esse omitted. The subject is the accusative neuter plural omnia, meaning "he saw that all things had been filled with flight."
- 34.15.6qua minima vi resistatur
An indirect question using the subjunctive present passive impersonal resistatur. It means "where resistance is made with the least force" (i.e., "where the resistance is weakest"), introduced by the relative adverb or interrogative pronoun qua (ablative).