- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:32.25.1-32.25.12
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-07
With the arrival of Philocles, the siege of Corinth is lifted, and Argos is betrayed into the hands of the Macedonian king. While the Achaean garrison commander Aenesidemus secures the departure of his men, he himself refuses to surrender and dies fighting, concluding the Roman military campaign in Greece for that summer.
ceterum adventu in Achaiam Philoclis, regii praefecti, non Corinthus tantum liberata obsidione, sed Argivorum quoque civitas per quosdam principes Philocli prodita est temptatis prius animis plebis.
However, by the arrival of Philocles, the royal prefect, in Achaea, not only was Corinth freed from siege, but the state of the Argives was also betrayed to Philocles by certain leading men, after the minds of the common people had first been sounded.
mos erat comitiorum die primo velut ominis causa praetores1 pronuntiare Iovem Apollinemque et Herculem; additum lege erat, ut his Philippus rex adiceretur.
It was the custom on the first day of the assembly that the praetors, as if for the sake of a good omen, should pronounce the names of Jupiter, Apollo, and Hercules; it had been added by law that King Philip should be added to these.
cuius nomen post pactam cum Romanis societatem2 quia praeco non adiecit, fremitus primo multitudinis ortus, deinde clamor subicientium Philippi nomen iubentiumque legitimum honorem usurpare, donec cum ingenti adsensu nomen recitatum est.
Since the herald did not add his name, because of the alliance recently made with the Romans, at first a murmur of the crowd arose, and then the shout of those suggesting the name of Philip and demanding that they should render the lawful honor, until with great approval the name was read out.
huius fiducia favoris Philocles arcessitus nocte occupat collem imminentem urbi — Larisam eam arcem vocant — positoque ibi praesidio cum lucis principio signis infestis ad subiectum arci forum vaderet, instructa acies ex adverso occurrit.
Relying on this favor, Philocles, having been summoned, occupied by night the hill overlooking the city—they call that citadel Larisa—and, having placed a garrison there, when at the dawn of day he was marching with hostile standards toward the forum situated below the citadel, an army drawn up in battle array met him from the opposite side.
praesidium erat Achaeorum, nuper impositum, quingenti fere iuvenes delecti omnium civitatium; Aenesidemus Dymaeus praeerat.
This was a garrison of the Achaeans, recently stationed there, about five hundred chosen youths from all the states; Aenesidemus of Dyme was in command of them.
ad hos orator a praefecto regio missus, qui excedere urbe iuberet: neque enim pares eos oppidanis solis,3 qui idem quod Macedones sentirent, nedum adiunctis Macedonibus esse, quos ne Romani quidem ad Corinthum sustinuissent, primo nihil nec ducem nec ipsos movit;
To these an envoy was sent by the royal prefect to order them to depart from the city; for, he argued, they were not a match even for the townspeople alone, who held the same views as the Macedonians, much less when the Macedonians were joined, whom not even the Romans had withstood at Corinth. At first, this moved neither the commander nor the men themselves at all;
post paulo, ut Argivos quoque armatos ex parte altera venientis magno agmine viderunt, certam perniciem cernentes, omnem tamen casum, si pertinacior dux fuisset, videbantur subituri.4
but a little later, when they saw the armed Argives also coming from the other side in a great body, perceiving certain destruction, they seemed likely to face every misfortune, if their commander had been more obstinate.
Aenesidemus, ne flos Achaeorum iuventutis simul cum urbe amitteretur, pactus a Philocle, ut abire illis liceret, ipse quo loco steterat armatus cum paucis clientibus non excessit.
Aenesidemus, lest the flower of the Achaean youth should be lost together with the city, made an agreement with Philocles that they should be allowed to depart; but he himself, armed, did not leave the place where he had stood, with a few dependents.
missus a Philocle, qui quaereret, quid sibi vellet.5 nihil motus tantummodo, cum proiecto prae se clipeo staret, in praesidio creditae urbis moriturum se armatum respondit. tum iussu praefecti a Thraecibus coniecta tela interfectique omnes.
A messenger was sent by Philocles to ask what he meant. Entirely unmoved, he only replied, as he stood with his shield held out before him, that he would die in arms in defense of the city entrusted to him. Then, by order of the prefect, weapons were hurled by the Thracians, and they were all killed.
et post pactam inter Achaeos ac Romanos societatem duae nobilissimae urbes, Argi et Corinthus, in potestate regis erant.
Thus, even after the alliance was made between the Achaeans and the Romans, two of the most famous cities, Argos and Corinth, were in the power of the king.
haec ea aestate ab Romanis in Graecia terra marique gesta.
These were the operations conducted by the Romans in Greece by land and sea during that summer.
- 32.25.2praetores
Livy uses the Roman term 'praetores' (praetors) to refer to the Greek magistrates (such as strategoi) of Argos.
- 32.25.3post pactam cum Romanis societatem
The preposition 'post' is followed by the noun 'societatem' and the perfect passive participle 'pactam' in agreement, functioning as 'after the forming of the alliance' (the so-called 'ab urbe condita' construction focusing on the action).
- 32.25.7neque enim pares eos oppidanis solis
This is indirect discourse (oratio obliqua) representing the message of the envoy (orator). It features an accusative and infinitive construction with the subject 'eos' and the infinitive 'esse', followed by the phrase with 'nedum' ('much less').
- 32.25.8omnem tamen casum, si pertinacior dux fuisset, videbantur subituri
A personal construction of 'videor' with 'videbantur' as the main verb combined with the future active participle 'subituri' ('they seemed about to undergo'). The conditional clause 'si... fuisset' ('if the leader had been more obstinate') represents a past contrary-to-fact condition in the pluperfect subjunctive.
- 32.25.10quid sibi vellet
The phrase 'sibi velle' is an idiom meaning 'to intend' or 'to mean'. Since it is inside an indirect question introduced by 'qui quaereret' (a messenger to ask), it is in the imperfect subjunctive 'vellet'.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1