- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:31.44.1-31.44.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-06
The Roman fleet joins King Attalus, and encouraged by this, Athens passes a severe decree of condemnation against Philip, waging war with words.
haec ea aestate ab Romanis Philippoque gesta terra; classis a Corcyra eiusdem principio aestatis cum L. Apustio legato profecta Maleo superato circa Scyllaeum agri Hermionici Attalo regi coniuncta est.
These were the transactions by land during that summer by the Romans and Philip; the fleet, which had set out from Corcyra at the beginning of the same summer with the lieutenant L. Apustius, having rounded Cape Malea, joined King Attalus near Scyllaeum in the territory of Hermione.
tum vero Atheniensium civitas, cui odio in Philippum per metum iam diu moderata erat,1 id omne in auxilii praesentis spem effudit.
Then indeed the Athenian state, whose hatred toward Philip had long been restrained by fear, poured out all of it in the hope of the present assistance.
nec umquam ibi desunt linguae promptae ad plebem concitandam; quod genus cur in omnibus liberis civitatibus, tum praecipue Athenis,2 ubi oratio plurimum pollet, favore multitudinis alitur.
Nor are there ever wanting there tongues ready to stir up the populace; which class of people, as it is nourished in all free states, so especially in Athens, where eloquence has the greatest power, by the favor of the multitude.
rogationem extemplo tulerunt plebesque scivit, ut3 Philippi statuae et imagines omnes nominaque earum, item maiorum eius virile ac muliebre secus omnium tollerentur delerenturque diesque festi, sacra, sacerdotes, quae ipsius maiorumque eius honoris causa instituta essent, omnia profanarentur;
They immediately proposed a bill, and the commons decreed, that all the statues and images of Philip, and all their inscriptions, and also those of all his ancestors, both male and female, should be removed and destroyed, and that all the festivals, sacred rites, and priests, which had been instituted in honor of him or of his ancestors, should be desecrated;
loca quoque, in quibus positum aliquid inscriptumve honoris eius causa fuisset, detestabilia esse, neque in iis quicquam postea poni dedicarique placere eorum, quae in loco puro poni dedicarique fas esset;
and that the places also, in which anything had been placed or inscribed in his honor, should be accursed, and that nothing which it was lawful to place or dedicate in a pure place should thereafter be placed or dedicated in them;
sacerdotes publicos, quotienscumque pro populo Atheniensi sociisque, exercitibus et classibus eorum precarentur, totiens detestari atque exsecrari Philippum, liberos eius regnumque, terrestres navalesque copias, Macedonum genus omne nomenque.
that the public priests, as often as they should pray for the Athenian people and their allies, armies, and fleets, should as often curse and execrate Philip, his children, his kingdom, his forces by land and sea, and the whole nation and name of the Macedonians.
additum decreto, si quis quid postea, quod ad notam ignominiamque Philippi pertineret, ferret, id omne populum Atheniensem iussurum; si quis contra ignominiam prove honore eius dixisset fecissetve, qui occidisset eum iure caesurum.4 postremo inclusum, ut omnia, quae adversus Pisistratidas decreta quondam erant, eadem in Philippo servarentur.
There was added to the decree, that if anyone should thereafter propose anything which tended to the disgrace and ignominy of Philip, the Athenian people would decree it all; and if anyone should speak or act against his ignominy or for his honor, whoever killed him would be slaying him lawfully. Lastly, it was included that all things which had formerly been decreed against the Pisistratidae, the same should be observed in the case of Philip.
Athenienses quidem litteris verbisque, quibus solis valent, bellum adversus Philippum gerebant;
The Athenians, indeed, carried on war against Philip by letters and words, in which alone they are powerful.
- 31.44.2cui odio in Philippum per metum iam diu moderata erat
cui is the relative pronoun (dative feminine singular) referring to Atheniensium civitas. moderata erat is the 3rd person singular feminine of moderor (deponent or passive). odio is ablative (or dative). cui functions as a dative of reference or possessor, meaning 'whose hatred against Philip had long been restrained by fear'.
- 31.44.3quod genus cur in omnibus liberis civitatibus, tum praecipue Athenis
The manuscript reading cur is generally emended by modern editors to cum to form the correlative expression cum ... tum ... ('both ... and especially ... / as well ... as especially ...').
- 31.44.4rogationem extemplo tulerunt plebesque scivit, ut
The noun clauses governed by scivit begin with ut + subjunctive (tollerentur, delerenturque, profanarentur), but transition in 31.44.5 and 31.44.6 into indirect speech with Accusative with Infinitive (Aci) (loca ... detestabilia esse, sacerdotes ... detestari). All of these represent the contents of the decree.
- 31.44.8qui occidisset eum iure caesurum
This is the apodosis of a conditional sentence in indirect speech. caesurum [esse] is the future active infinitive of caedo (to slay, kill), whose subject is the relative clause qui occidisset (including its antecedent: 'he who had killed [the offender]'). It means 'whoever killed him (the offender) would be slaying him lawfully.'