- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:31.41.1-31.41.14
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-06
The Aetolians and Amynander jointed forces to capture Cercinium and other sites, but the Aetolians ignored Amynander's warnings and engaged in disorganized plundering in Thessaly; as a result, they were surprised and routed by King Philip.
hae causae Damocritum Aetolosque restituerant Romanis; et Amynandro, rege Athamanum, adiuncto profecti Cercinium obsedere.
These causes had restored Damocritus and the Aetolians to the Romans; and, having joined Amynander, the king of the Athamanes, they set out and besieged Cercinium.
clauserant portas, incertum vi an voluntate, quia regium habebant praesidium. ceterum intra paucos dies captum est Cercinium atque incensum; qui superfuerunt e magna clade, liberi servique, inter ceteram praedam abducti.
They had closed their gates, whether by force or of their own free will was uncertain, because they had a royal garrison. But within a few days Cercinium was taken and burned; those who survived from the great slaughter, both free and slaves, were carried off among the rest of the booty.
is timor omnis, qui circumcolunt1 Boeben paludem, relictis urbibus montis coegit petere.
This fear compelled all who dwell around Lake Boebe to leave their cities and seek the mountains.
Aetoli inopia praedae inde aversi in Perrhaebiam ire pergunt. Cyretias ibi vi capiunt foedeque diripiunt; qui Maloeam incolunt, voluntate in deditionem societatemque accepti.
The Aetolians, turned away from there by a lack of booty, proceeded to go into Perrhaebia. There they took Cyretiae by force and plundered it foully; those who inhabit Maloea were received into surrender and alliance of their own free will.
ex Perrhaebia Gomphos petendi Amynander auctor erat; et imminet Athamania huic urbi, videbaturque expugnari sine magno certamine posse.
Amynander was the advisor for seeking Gomphi from Perrhaebia; and Athamania borders closely on this city, and it seemed possible to be taken by storm without a great struggle.
Aetoli campos Thessaliae opimos ad praedam petiere sequente, quamquam non probante Amynandro2 nec effusas populationes Aetolorum nec castra, quo fors tulisset loco, sine ullo discrimine aut cura muniendi posita.
The Aetolians sought the rich plains of Thessaly for booty, Amynander following them, although he approved of neither the unchecked plunderings of the Aetolians nor their camps, which were pitched without any discrimination or care for fortifying, in whatever place chance had offered.
itaque ne temeritas eorum neglegentiaque sibi ac suis etiam cladis alicuius causa esset, cum campestribus locis subicientis eos castra Pharcadoni urbi videret, ipse paulo plus mille passuum inde tumulum suis, quamvis levi munimento tutum, cepit. cum Aetoli, nisi quod populabantur, vix meminisse viderentur se in agro hostium esse, alii palati semermes vagarentur, alii in castris sine stationibus per somnum vinumque dies noctibus aequarent, Philippus inopinantibus advenit.
Therefore, lest their recklessness and negligence should be the cause of some disaster to himself and his men as well, when he saw them pitching their camp in flat places below the city of Pharcadon, he himself, a little more than a mile from there, for his men, a hill, safe although with only a light fortification, occupied. When the Aetolians, except for the fact that they were plundering, seemed scarcely to remember that they were in enemy territory, and some wandered about scattered and half-armed, while others in the camp without sentries made day and night alike with sleep and wine, Philip arrived upon them unexpectedly.
quem cum adesse refugientes ex agris quidam pavidi nuntiassent, trepidare Damocritus ceterique duces — et erat forte meridianum tempus, quo plerique graves cibo sopiti iacebant —
When some terrified people fleeing from the fields announced that he was at hand, Damocritus and the other leaders were thrown into a panic—and it happened to be midday, when most of them, heavy with food, lay asleep—
, excitare alii alios, iubere arma capere, alios dimittere3 ad revocandos, qui palati per agros praedabantur; tantaque trepidatio fuit, ut sine gladiis quidam equitum exirent, loricas plerique non induerent.
, they began to rouse one another, to order to take up arms, and to send others to recall those who were plundering, scattered through the fields; and so great was the panic that some of the cavalry went out without swords, and most did not put on their breastplates.
ita raptim educti, cum universi sescentorum aegre simul equites peditesque numerum explessent, incidunt in regium equitatum numero, armis animisque praestantem.
Having been thus hurriedly led out, when all together, cavalry and infantry, scarcely made up the number of six hundred, they fell in with the royal cavalry, superior in numbers, arms, and courage.
itaque primo impetu fusi vix temptato certamine turpi fuga repetunt castra; caesi captique, quos equites ab agmine fugientium interclusere.
Therefore, routed at the first onset, after scarcely trying a battle, they sought the camp in shameful flight; those whom the cavalry cut off from the column of fugitives were slain or captured.
- 31.41.4is timor omnis, qui circumcolunt
In the clause is timor omnis... montis coegit petere, omnis is the accusative plural (= omnes), acting as the object of coegit and the subject of the infinitive petere. It serves as the antecedent to the relative clause qui circumcolunt.... The subject of the sentence is is timor, not the antecedent.
- 31.41.7sequente, quamquam non probante Amynandro
Ablative absolute construction. The present participles sequente ('following') and probante ('approving') are placed in parallel with the noun Amynandro acting as their common logical subject. The addition of the conjunction quamquam ('although') explicitly introduces a concessive force: 'although Amynander followed, yet he did not approve'.
- 31.41.11trepidare... excitare... iubere... dimittere
These are all historical infinitives, used in place of past indicative verbs (such as trepidabant, etc.) to convey the extreme confusion and urgency of the sudden attack. The subjects of these infinitives are in the nominative case (such as Damocritus ceterique duces and the implied Aetolians).
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-22)
- 2026-09-22 AI review — note 1