- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:3.63.1-3.63.11
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-31
The Roman army defeats the Sabines and recovers their lost property, but when the senate refuses to grant a triumph, a popular initiative led by the tribune Icilius results in the first triumph in history celebrated solely by order of the people without senatorial authority.
Vadunt igitur in proelium ab sua parte omissum et locum, ex quo cesserant, repetunt; momentoque non restituta modo pugna, sed inclinatur etiam Sabinis cornu.1 eques inter ordines peditum tectus se ad equos recipit.
They advanced therefore into the battle which had been abandoned on their part, and recovered the place from which they had retreated; and in a moment, not only was the fight restored, but the wing of the Sabines was even forced to give way. The cavalry, protected between the ranks of the infantry, retired to their horses.
transvolat inde in partem alteram suis victoriae nuntius;2 simul et in hostis iam pavidos, quippe fuso suae partis validiore cornu, impetum facit. non aliorum eo proelio virtus magis enituit.
Thence the news of the victory flew over to the other part to their comrades; at the same time, it made a charge upon the enemy, who were now alarmed because the stronger wing on their side had been routed. The courage of no others shone forth more in that battle.
consul providere omnia, laudare fortis, increpare,3 sicubi segnior pugna esset. castigati fortium statim virorum opera edebant; tantumque hos pudor, quantum alios laudes excitabant.
The consul saw to everything, praised the brave, and rebuked them wherever the fighting was too slack. Those who were reprimanded immediately performed the deeds of brave men; and shame excited the former as much as praises did the others.
redintegrato clamore undique omnes conisi hostem avertunt, nec deinde Romana vis sustineri potuit. Sabini fusi passim per agros castra hosti ad praedam relinquunt. ibi non sociorum, sicut in Algido, res, sed suas Romanus populationibus agrorum amissas recepit.
The shout being renewed on all sides, all with one effort drove back the enemy, and after that, the Roman force could not be withstood. The Sabines, routed in all directions through the fields, left their camp as plunder for the enemy. There the Roman recovered, not the property of the allies, as on Algidus, but his own, which had been lost by the devastating of the fields.
gemina victoria duobus bifariam proeliis parta maligne senatus in unum diem supplicationes consulum nomine decrevit. populus iniussu et altero die frequens iit supplicatum; et haec vaga popularisque supplicatio studiis prope celebratior fuit.
A double victory having been gained in two battles in different places, the senate, with ill-will, decreed supplications for only one day in the name of the consuls. The people, without orders, went in great numbers on the second day also to offer thanks; and this unofficial and popular thanksgiving was, by their enthusiasm, almost more celebrated than the other.
consules ex composito eodem biduo ad urbem accessere senatumque in Martium campum evocavere. ubi cum de rebus ab se gestis agerent, questi primores patrum senatum inter milites dedita opera4 terroris causa haberi.
The consuls, by agreement, approached the city within the same two days and summoned the senate to the Campus Martius. There, when they were treating of the transactions performed by them, the principal men of the patricians complained that the senate was intentionally held in the midst of the soldiers for the purpose of intimidation.
itaque inde consules, ne criminationi locus esset, in prata Flaminia, ubi nunc aedes Apollinis est — iam tum Apollinare appellabant —, avocavere senatum.
Therefore, the consuls, that there might be no room for accusation, removed the senate thence to the Flaminian meadows, where the temple of Apollo now is—even then they called it the Apollinare.
ubi cum ingenti consensu patrum negaretur triumphus, L. Icilius tribunus plebis tulit ad populum de triumpho consulum multis dissuasum prodeuntibus, maxime C. Claudio vociferante: de patribus, non de hostibus consules triumphare velle,5 gratiamque pro privato merito in tribunum, non pro virtute honorem peti. numquam ante de triumpho per populum actum, semper aestimationem arbitriumque eius honoris penes senatum fuisse.
There, when a triumph was refused by a vast consensus of the patricians, L. Icilius, tribune of the plebs, proposed to the people concerning the triumph of the consuls, many coming forward to dissuade them, especially C. Claudius, who vociferated that the consuls wished to triumph over the patricians, not over the enemy, and that a reward for a private service to a tribune was sought, not an honor for courage; that never before had a triumph been acted upon by the people, but that the estimation and arbitrament of that honor had always been in the power of the senate;
ne reges quidem maiestatem summi ordinis inminuisse. ne ita omnia tribuni potestatis suae inplerent, ut nullum publicum consilium sinerent esse. ita demum liberam civitatem fore, ita aequatas leges, si sua quisque iura ordo, suam maiestatem teneat.
that not even kings had diminished the majesty of the highest order; that the tribunes should not so fill everything with their own power as to allow no public counsel to exist; for that a state would only then be free, and the laws equal, if each order maintained its own rights and its own majesty.
in eandem sententiam multa et a ceteris senioribus patrum cum essent dicta, omnes tribus eam rogationem acceperunt. tum primum sine auctoritate senatus populi iussu triumphatum est.
When many things to the same effect had been said by the other senior patricians also, all the tribes accepted the proposal. Then, for the first time, a triumph was celebrated by the order of the people, without the authority of the senate.
- 3.63.1non restituta modo pugna, sed inclinatur etiam Sabinis cornu
In the clause restituta modo pugna, the copula est is omitted, carrying a perfect or historical present force to match the subsequent inclinatur. Sabinis functions as a dative of disadvantage (dativus incommodi), signifying that the wing gave way 'to the disadvantage of' the Sabines.
- 3.63.2suis victoriae nuntius
suis is a dative of advantage used substantively to refer to 'their own men/comrades'. nuntius (messenger/news) is the subject of transvolat and also of the following verb impetum facit, resulting in a personification where the news itself (or the person conveying it) is said to make a charge upon the enemy.
- 3.63.3providere omnia, laudare fortis, increpare
These infinitives (providere, laudare, increpare) are historical infinitives (infinitivus historicus), which function equivalently to the imperfect indicative active third-person singular, with consul as their subject.
- 3.63.6dedita opera
dedita opera is an idiomatic ablative phrase meaning 'on purpose' or 'intentionally'. Here it describes the alleged deliberate holding of the senate among the soldiers by the consuls for the purpose of intimidation.
- 3.63.9de patribus, non de hostibus consules triumphare velle
This is the beginning of the indirect speech (oratio obliqua) introduced by the ablative absolute vociferante. The main verbs of these indirect clauses are infinitives: velle, followed by peti, actum [esse], and fuisse, representing the arguments of C. Claudius.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — source 1