- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:3.22.1-3.22.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-01
Consuls Fabius and Cornelius were elected, and in response to the threat of the Volsci and the potential revolt of Antium, Fabius organized an army of three peoples, successfully stormed the enemy camp, and achieved a decisive victory.
consules creati Q. Fabius Vibulanus tertium et L. Cornelius Maluginensis. census actus eo anno; lustrum propter Capitolium captum, consulem occisum condi religiosum fuit.1
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus for the third time and Lucius Cornelius Maluginensis were elected consuls. A census was taken in that year; because of the capture of the Capitol and the death of the consul, it was deemed a religious impediment to close the lustrum.
Q. Fabio, L. Cornelio consulibus principio statim anni res turbulentae. instigabant plebem tribuni; bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis Latini atque Hernici nuntiabant: iam Antii Volscorum legiones esse. et ipsam coloniam ingens metus erat defecturam;2 aegreque impetratum a tribunis, ut bellum praeverti sinerent. consules inde partiti provincias:
Under the consuls Quintus Fabius and Lucius Cornelius, immediately at the beginning of the year, affairs were turbulent. The tribunes were instigating the plebs; the Latins and Hernici reported a huge war from the Volsci and Aequi: that there were already legions of the Volsci at Antium. There was also a great fear that the colony itself would revolt; and it was with difficulty obtained from the tribunes that they should allow the war to be attended to first. Thereupon the consuls divided their provinces:
Fabio ut legiones Antium duceret datum, Cornelio ut Romae praesidio esset, ne qua pars hostium, qui Aequis mos erat, ad populandum veniret.
to Fabius it was assigned to lead the legions to Antium; to Cornelius, to remain as a guard for Rome, lest any part of the enemy, as was the custom of the Aequi, should come to plunder.
Hernici et Latini iussi milites dare ex foedere; duaeque partes sociorum in exercitu, tertia civium fuit. postquam ad diem praestitutum venerunt socii, consul extra portam Capenam castra locat. inde lustrato exercitu Antium profectus haud procul oppido stativisque hostium consedit.
The Hernici and Latini were ordered to supply soldiers according to the treaty; and two-thirds of the army consisted of allies, one-third of citizens. After the allies arrived on the appointed day, the consul pitched his camp outside the Capene gate. Thereupon, having purified the army, he set out for Antium and took up a position not far from the town and the permanent camp of the enemy.
ubi cum Volsci, quia nondum ab Aequis venisset exercitus, dimicare non ausi, quem ad modum quieti vallo se tutarentur, pararent,3 postero die Fabius non permixtam unam sociorum civiumque, sed trium populorum tres separatim acies circa vallum hostium instruxit; ipse erat medius cum legionibus Romanis.
There, since the Volsci did not dare to fight because the army from the Aequi had not yet arrived, and were preparing how they might protect themselves quietly behind their rampart, on the following day, Fabius drew up not one mixed battle-line of allies and citizens, but three separate lines of the three peoples around the enemy’s rampart; he himself was in the center with the Roman legions.
inde signum observare iussit, ut pariter et socii rem inciperent referrentque pedem, si receptui cecinisset.4 equites item suae cuique parti post principia collocat.
Then he ordered them to watch for the signal, so that the allies also might begin the fight together and retreat if the signal for retreat should be sounded. Likewise, he stationed the cavalry behind the front ranks for each respective division.
ita trifariam adortus castra circumvenit et, cum undique instaret, non sustinentes impetum Volscos vallo deturbat. transgressus inde munitiones pavidam turbam inclinatamque in partem unam castris expellit.
Attacking thus in three divisions, he surrounded the camp, and as he pressed on them from all sides, he drove the Volsci, who could not withstand the assault, from the rampart. Then, crossing the fortifications, he expelled from the camp the panicked crowd, which was already yielding in one direction.
inde effuse fugientes eques, cui superare vallum haud facile fuerat, cum ad id spectator pugnae adstitisset, libero campo adeptus parte victoriae fruitur5 territos caedendo.
Thereupon, the cavalry—for whom it had not been easy to surmount the rampart, and who had stood by until then as spectators of the fight—overtook the enemy as they fled in disorder, and in the open plain enjoyed their share of the victory by slaughtering the terrified fugitives.
magna et in castris et extra munimenta caedes fugientium fuit, sed praeda maior, quia vix arma secum efferre hostis potuit. deletusque exercitus foret, ni6 fugientis silvae texissent.
There was a great slaughter of the fugitives both in the camp and outside the fortifications, but the booty was even greater, because the enemy could scarcely carry away their arms with them. And the army would have been utterly destroyed, had not the woods sheltered the fugitives.
- 3.22.1condi religiosum fuit
The passive infinitive condi forms the nominal phrase lustrum condi, which serves as the subject of the impersonal expression religiosum fuit. Here, the adjective religiosus means 'religiously forbidden' or 'attended by religious scruple'.
- 3.22.2defecturam
A future active participle with esse omitted, forming an accusative with infinitive clause (indirect statement) introduced by the nominal phrase ingens metus erat. The subject is the accusative ipsam coloniam.
- 3.22.5ubi cum Volsci ... pararent
Clarification of the complex nested structure: the main verb of the cum-clause is pararent, with Volsci as its subject. Interspersed between them are the causal quia-clause, the participle phrase dimicare non ausi, and the indirect question quem ad modum ... tutarentur serving as the object of pararent.
- 3.22.6receptui cecinisset
The verb cecinisset is the pluperfect subjunctive third-person singular of canere (to sound/play), used impersonally or with an implied subject (the trumpeter). Receptui is a dative of purpose, forming the idiom receptui canere (to sound the retreat).
- 3.22.8eques ... fruitur
The singular noun eques acts as a collective noun ('the cavalry') and takes the third-person singular main verb fruitur. Interposed between them are the relative clause cui... fuerat referring to eques, and the circumstantial cum-clause.
- 3.22.9deletusque exercitus foret, ni
A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. Foret is an alternative form for esset, forming the pluperfect passive subjunctive deletus esset ('would have been destroyed') with the participle deletus. The protasis is introduced by the negative conditional conjunction ni (nisi).