- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:26.25.1-26.25.17
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-29
Philip, hearing of the defection of the Aetolians, launched a swift campaign to secure his rear before invading Thrace. Meanwhile, Scopas of Aetolia prepared to invade Acarnania, but the Acarnanians, prepared to die rather than surrender, resisted, and the Aetolians retreated upon hearing of their resolve and Philip's approach.
Philippo Aetolorum defectio Pellae hibernanti adlata est. itaque, quia primo vere moturus exercitum in Graeciam erat, ut Illyrios finitumasque eis urbes ab tergo metu quietas Macedonia haberet,1 expeditionem subitam in Oricinorum atque Apolloniatium fines fecit egressosque Apolloniatas cum magno terrore ac pavore compulit intra muros.
The defection of the Aetolians was reported to Philip while he was wintering at Pella. Therefore, since he was about to move his army into Greece at the beginning of spring, so that Macedonia might keep the Illyrians and the cities adjacent to them quiet from the rear by fear, he made a sudden expedition into the territory of the Oricini and Apolloniates and, having met the Apolloniates who had marched out, drove them inside their walls with great terror and panic.
vastatis proximis Illyrici in Pelagoniam eadem celeritate vertit iter. inde Dardanorum urbem Sintiam, in Macedoniam transitum Dardanis facturam, cepit.
Having ravaged the nearest parts of Illyricum, he turned his march toward Pelagonia with the same speed. From there he captured Sintia, a city of the Dardanians, which would afford a passage to the Dardanians into Macedonia.
his raptim actis memor Aetolici iunctique cum eo Romani belli per Pelagoniam et Lyncum et Bottiaeam in Thessaliam descendit —
Having rapidly performed these deeds, mindful of the Aetolian war and the Roman war joined with it, he descended through Pelagonia, Lyncus, and Bottiaea into Thessaly—
ad bellum secum adversus Aetolos capessendum incitari posse homines credebat — et relicto ad fauces Thessaliae Perseo cum quattuor milibus armatorum ad arcendos aditu Aetolos, ipse, priusquam maioribus occuparetur rebus, in Macedoniam atque inde in Thraciam exercitum ac Maedos duxit.
for he believed that men could be incited to undertake the war with him against the Aetolians—and leaving Perseus with four thousand armed men at the passes of Thessaly to keep the Aetolians from entering, he himself, before he should be occupied with greater affairs, led his army into Macedonia and thence into Thrace and against the Maedi.
incurrere ea gens in Macedoniam solita erat, ubi regem occupatum externo bello ac sine praesidio esse regnum sensisset.
This nation was accustomed to raid Macedonia whenever they perceived that the king was occupied with a foreign war and the kingdom was without protection.
ad frangendas igitur vires vastare agros et urbem Iamphorynnam, caput arcemque Maedicae, oppugnare coepit.
Therefore, to break their strength, he began to devastate their fields and besiege the city of Iamphorynna, the capital and citadel of Maedica.
Scopas ubi profectum in Thraciam regem occupatumque ibi bello audivit, armata omni iuventute Aetolorum bellum inferre Acarnaniae parat.
When Scopas heard that the king had departed into Thrace and was occupied with war there, having armed all the youth of the Aetolians, he prepared to wage war on Acarnania.
adversus quos Acarnanum gens et viribus impar et iam Oeniadas Nasumque amissa cernens Romanaque insuper arma ingruere,2 ira magis instruit quam consilio bellum.
Against them, the nation of the Acarnanians, both unequal in strength and seeing Oeniadae and Nasus already lost and, moreover, the Roman arms threatening them, prepared for war with anger rather than with policy.
coniugibus liberisque et senioribus super sexaginta annos in propinquam Epirum missis, ab quindecim ad sexaginta annos coniurant nisi victores se non redituros:
Having sent their wives, children, and elders over sixty years of age into neighboring Epirus, those from fifteen to sixty years of age bound themselves by an oath that they would not return unless victorious.
qui victus acie excessisset, eum ne quis urbe, tecto, mensa, lare reciperet,3 diram execrationem in popularis, obtestationem quam sanctissimam potuerunt adversus hospites composuerunt precatique simul Epirotas sunt, ut, qui suorum in acie cecidissent, eos uno tumulo contegerent adicerentque humatis titulum:
They drew up a dire curse upon their fellow citizens, that no one should receive into his city, house, table, or hearth any man who had retreated defeated from the battle line, and the most sacred supplication they could devise toward their hosts. At the same time, they entreated the Epirotes to bury those of their men who fell in battle in a single mound, and to add an inscription over those interred:
“hic siti sunt Acarnanes, qui adversus vim atque iniuriam Aetolorum pro patria pugnantes mortem occubuerunt.”
”Here lie the Acarnanians, who met their death fighting for their country against the violence and injustice of the Aetolians.”
per haec incitatis animis castra in extremis finibus suis obvia hosti posuerunt. nuntiis ad Philippum missis, quanto res in discrimine esset, omittere Philippum id, quod in manibus erat, coegerunt bellum Iamphorynna per deditionem recepta et prospero alio successu rerum.
Having aroused their spirits by these measures, they pitched their camp at the very borders of their territory to meet the enemy. By sending messengers to Philip to show how critical the situation was, they compelled him to drop the war he had in hand, after Iamphorynna had been recovered by surrender and other affairs had been prosperously conducted.
Aetolorum impetum tardaverat primo coniurationis fama Acarnanicae, deinde auditus Philippi adventus regredi etiam in intimos coegit fines.
The rumor of the Acarnanian oath had first delayed the onset of the Aetolians; then, hearing of Philip’s approach, they were compelled to retreat even into the innermost parts of their territory.
nec Philippus, quamquam, ne opprimerentur Acarnanes, itineribus magnis ierat, ultra Dium est progressus. inde, cum audisset reditum Aetolorum ex Acarnania, et ipse Pellam rediit.
Nor did Philip, although he had marched with great speed to prevent the Acarnanians from being overwhelmed, proceed beyond Dium. From there, when he had heard of the retreat of the Aetolians from Acarnania, he himself also returned to Pella.
- 26.25.2ut Illyrios finitumasque eis urbes ab tergo metu quietas Macedonia haberet
Macedonia is the subject. haberet is imperfect subjunctive expressing purpose introduced by ut. metu is an ablative of means ('by fear'). ab tergo ('from the rear') modifies quietas or haberet.
- 26.25.10Romanaque insuper arma ingruere
The verb ingruere is a present infinitive forming an accusative-with-infinitive (AcI) construction dependent on the participle cernens (a verb of perceiving), with Romana... arma acting as the subject accusative.
- 26.25.12qui victus acie excessisset, eum ne quis ... reciperet
The clause ne quis... reciperet is an indirect volitive clause (representing an indirect command or prohibition) dependent on composuerunt, expressing the content of the oath. excessisset is pluperfect subjunctive, representing a future perfect in relation to the past main verb.