- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:25.33.1-25.33.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-28
Hasdrubal, noticing the Romans' reliance on the Celtiberians, bribes the Celtiberian leaders and soldiers to withdraw. Deprived of his allies, Scipio is forced to retreat while cautiously avoiding the pursuing enemy.
Hasdrubal postquam animadvertit exiguum Romanum exercitum in castris et spem omnem in Celtiberorum auxiliis esse, peritus omnis barbaricae et praecipue earum gentium, in quibus per tot annos militabat, perfidiae,1 facili linguae commercio, cum utraque castra plena Hispanorum essent, per occulta conloquia paciscitur magna mercede cum Celtiberorum principibus, ut copias inde abducant.
After Hasdrubal noticed that there was only a small Roman army in the camp and that all hope rested on the auxiliary forces of the Celtiberians, being experienced in all the faithlessness of barbarians, and especially of those nations in which he had been campaigning for so many years, thanks to an easy exchange of language, since both camps were full of Spaniards, he bargained through secret conferences with the leaders of the Celtiberians for a large reward, that they should withdraw their forces from there.
nec atrox visum facinus; non enim ut in Romanos verterent arma agebatur,2 et merces, quanta vel pro bello satis esset, dabatur, ne bellum gererent, et cum quies ipsa, tum reditus domum fructusque videndi suos suaque grata vulgo erant.
Nor did the deed seem atrocious; for they were not being asked to turn their arms against the Romans, and a reward as large as would be sufficient even for a war was being given, simply that they should not wage war; and not only was rest itself pleasing to the common soldiers, but also the return home and the pleasure of seeing their loved ones and possessions.
itaque non ducibus facilius quam multitudini persuasum est. simul ne metus quidem ab Romanis erat, quippe tam paucis, si vi retinerent.
Therefore, the multitude was persuaded no less easily than the leaders. At the same time, there was not even any fear of the Romans, who were indeed so few, if they should try to retain them by force.
id quidem cavendum semper Romanis ducibus erit, exemplaque haec vere pro documentis habenda, ne ita externis credant auxiliis, ut non plus sui roboris suarumque proprie virium in castris habeant.
This indeed must always be guarded against by Roman generals, and these examples must truly be regarded as lessons, lest they trust external auxiliaries to such an extent that they do not keep more of their own strength and their own proper forces in the camp.
signis repente sublatis Celtiberi abeunt nihil aliud quaerentibus causam obtestantibusque, ut manerent, Romanis respondentes quam domestico se avocari bello.
With the standards suddenly raised, the Celtiberians departed, replying nothing else to the Romans, who were asking the cause and imploring them to stay, than that they were being called away by a domestic war.
Scipio, postquam socii nec precibus nec vi retineri poterant, nec se aut parem sine illis hosti esse aut fratri rursus coniungi vidit posse, nec ullum aliud salutare consilium in promptu esse, retro quantum posset cedere statuit, in id omni cura intentus, necubi hosti aequo; se committeret loco, qui3 transgressus flumen prope vestigiis abeuntium insistebat.
Scipio, after the allies could be retained neither by prayers nor by force, and he saw that without them he was neither a match for the enemy nor able to be reunited with his brother, and that no other salutary counsel was at hand, decided to retreat as far as he could, with all his care intent on this, lest anywhere he should engage the enemy in an unfavorable place, who, having crossed the river, was pressing almost on the heels of those departing.
- 25.33.2peritus omnis barbaricae ... perfidiae
The adjective peritus (experienced in) governs the genitive case. Here, a major hyperbaton occurs as the insertion et praecipue earum gentium, in quibus per tot annos militabat is placed between peritus and its genitive object perfidiae. Additionally, omnis barbaricae agrees in gender, number, and case (feminine singular genitive) with perfidiae.
- 25.33.4non enim ut in Romanos verterent arma agebatur
The verb agebatur is used as an impersonal passive ("it was not being acted/negotiated"), with the ut clause (ut ... verterent) functioning as the subject in terms of sense.
- 25.33.9necubi hosti aequo se committeret loco, qui ...
necubi is a compound of the negative final particle ne and the adverb alicubi (anywhere), meaning "lest anywhere". aequo loco literally means "in an even/level place", but contextually denotes "in a favorable place (for the enemy)" or "on equal ground (which would be disadvantageous for the smaller Roman force)". The dative hosti is governed by se committeret (to commit oneself to, engage with) and also serves as the antecedent of the relative pronoun qui.