- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:23.33.1-23.33.12
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-25
King Philip of Macedon, upon learning of Carthage's victory, decided to ally with them, sent envoys to Hannibal by deceiving the Roman praetor, and concluded a secret treaty to divide Italy and Greece.
in hanc dimicationem duorum opulentissimorum in terris populorum omnes reges gentesque animos intenderant, inter quos Philippus, Macedonum rex, eo magis, quod1 propior Italiae ac mari tantum Ionio discretus erat.
Toward this struggle of the two wealthiest nations on earth all kings and peoples had directed their attention, among whom Philip, the king of the Macedonians, did so all the more because he was closer to Italy and separated only by the Ionian Sea.
is ubi primum fama accepit Hannibalem Alpis transgressum, ut bello inter Romanum Poenumque orto laetatus erat, ita,2 utrius populi mallet victoriam esse,3 incertis adhuc viribus fluctuatus animo fuerat.
As soon as he received the report that Hannibal had crossed the Alps, while he had rejoiced at the outbreak of war between the Roman and the Carthaginian, yet, as to which of the two peoples he preferred to be victorious, his mind had been wavering, since their strength was as yet uncertain.
postquam tertia iam pugna victoria cum Poenis erat, ad fortunam inclinavit legatosque ad Hannibalem misit; qui vitantes portus Brundisinum Tarentinumque, quia custodiis navium Romanarum tenebantur, ad Laciniae Iunonis templum in terram egressi sunt.
After the victory in the third battle was already with the Carthaginians, he leaned toward fortune and sent ambassadors to Hannibal; who, avoiding the ports of Brundisium and Tarentum because they were held by guards of Roman ships, landed at the temple of Juno Lacinia.
inde per Apuliam petentes Capuam media in praesidia Romana inlati sunt deductique ad Valerium Laevinum praetorem circa Luceriam castra habentem.
Starting from there and making for Capua through Apulia, they were carried right into the midst of the Roman garrisons and were brought to the praetor Valerius Laevinus, who was encamped around Luceria.
ibi intrepide Xenophanes legationis princeps a Philippo rege se missum ait ad amicitiam societatemque iungendam cum populo Romano;
There, Xenophanes, the leader of the embassy, fearlessly said that he had been sent by King Philip to form a friendship and alliance with the Roman people;
mandata habere ad consules ac senatum populumque Romanum. praetor inter defectiones veterum sociorum nova societate tam clari regis laetus admodum hostes pro hospitibus comiter accepit;
and that he had instructions for the consuls, the senate, and the Roman people. The praetor, quite delighted with a new alliance with so famous a king amidst the defections of their old allies, welcomed these enemies courteously as guests;
dat, qui prosequantur; itinera cum cura demonstrat et quae loca quosque saltus aut Romanus aut hostes teneant.
he gave them guides to escort them; he carefully pointed out the routes and which places and which passes either the Romans or the enemy held.
Xenophanes per praesidia Romana in Campaniam, inde, qua proximum fuit, in castra Hannibalis pervenit foedusque cum eo atque amicitiam iungit legibus his, ut Philippus rex quam maxima classe — ducentas autem naves videbatur effecturus — in Italiam traiceret et vastaret maritimam oram, bellum pro parte sua terra marique gereret;
Xenophanes passed through the Roman garrisons into Campania, and thence, by the shortest way, arrived at the camp of Hannibal, and concluded a treaty and friendship with him on these terms: that King Philip should cross over into Italy with as large a fleet as possible—and he seemed likely to make ready two hundred ships—and lay waste the sea coast, and wage war on his own part by land and sea;
ubi debellatum esset, Italia omnis cum ipsa urbe Roma Carthaginiensium atque Hannibalis esset, praedaque omnis Hannibali cederet;
when the war was finished, all Italy with the city of Rome itself should belong to the Carthaginians and Hannibal, and all the booty should fall to Hannibal;
perdomita Italia navigarent in Graeciam bellumque cum quibus regi placeret4 gererent; quae civitates continentis quaeque insulae ad Macedoniam vergunt, eae Philippi regnique eius essent.
having thoroughly subdued Italy, they should sail to Greece and wage war with whomever it pleased the king; and whatever states of the continent and whatever islands lie toward Macedonia, these should belong to Philip and his kingdom.
- 23.33.2eo magis, quod
A combination of the ablative of measure of difference 'eo' with the causal conjunction 'quod', meaning 'all the more because...'.
- 23.33.3ut... ita...
Though usually meaning 'as... so...', here it functions contrastively or concessively to mean 'while on the one hand he rejoiced... on the other hand his mind was wavering...'.
- 23.33.3utrius populi mallet victoriam esse
An indirect question clause introduced by 'mallet' (subjunctive imperfect of 'malo'). 'victoriam' is the subject of the infinitive 'esse'. 'utrius populi' is a genitive of possession/belonging, showing to which of the two peoples he preferred the victory to belong.
- 23.33.12cum quibus regi placeret
The antecedent of the relative pronoun 'quibus' is omitted, equivalent to 'cum iis, quibus...' ('with those whom...'). 'placeret' is in the subjunctive imperfect because it is a subordinate clause in indirect discourse (reporting the terms of the treaty).