- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:23.31.1-23.31.15
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-24
The senate decrees financial and military measures, including troop deployments. Marcellus is unanimously elected consul-suffect but is forced to abdicate due to an unfavorable omen (an electoral flaw), leading to the election of Fabius Maximus.
senatus, quo die primum est in Capitolio consultus, decrevit, ut eo anno duplex tributum imperaretur, simplex confestim exigeretur,1 ex quo stipendium praesens omnibus militibus daretur, praeterquam qui milites ad Cannas fuissent.
The senate, on the first day it was consulted on the Capitol, decreed that a double tribute should be imposed for that year, and a single one collected immediately, from which ready pay might be given to all the soldiers, except those who had been soldiers at Cannae.
de exercitibus ita decreverunt, ut duabus legionibus urbanis Ti. Sempronius consul Cales2 ad conveniendum diem ediceret; inde eae legiones in castra Claudiana supra Suessulam deducerentur.
Concerning the armies they decreed thus, that the consul Ti. Sempronius should appoint a day for the two city legions to assemble at Cales; thence those legions were to be led into the Claudian camp above Suessula.
quae ibi legiones essent3 — erant autem Cannensis maxime exercitus —, eas Appius Claudius Pulcher praetor in Siciliam traiceret, quaeque in Sicilia essent, Romam deportarentur.
The legions which were there—and they were chiefly the army of Cannae—the praetor Appius Claudius Pulcher was to transport into Sicily, and those which were in Sicily were to be brought back to Rome.
ad exercitum, cui ad conveniendum Cales edicta dies erat, M. Claudius Marcellus missus, isque iussus in castra Claudiana deducere urbanas legiones.
M. Claudius Marcellus was sent to the army for which the day for assembling at Cales had been appointed, and he was ordered to lead the city legions into the Claudian camp.
ad veterem exercitum accipiendum deducendumque inde in Siciliam Ti. Maecilius Croto legatus ab Ap. Claudio est missus.
To receive the old army and lead it thence into Sicily, Ti. Maecilius Croto, a lieutenant, was sent by Ap. Claudius.
taciti primo expectaverant homines uti consul comitia collegae creando haberet; deinde, ubi ablegatum velut de industria M. Marcellum viderunt, quem maxime consulem in eum annum ob egregie in praetura res gestas creari volebant, fremitus in curia ortus.
At first, men had waited in silence for the consul to hold the assembly for electing a colleague; then, when they saw that M. Marcellus—whom they most of all wished to be elected consul for that year because of his brilliant achievements in his praetorship—was sent away as if on purpose, a murmur of discontent arose in the senate-house.
quod ubi sensit consul, “Utrumque” inquit “e re publica fuit, patres conscripti, et M. Claudium ad permutandos exercitus in Campaniam proficisci et comitia non prius edici, quam is inde confecto, quod mandatum est, negotio revertisset, ut vos consulem, quem tempus rei publicae postularet, quem maxime voltis, haberetis.” ita de comitiis, donec rediit Marcellus, silentium fuit.
When the consul perceived this, he said: “Both things, conscript fathers, were for the public interest: both that M. Claudius should set out for Campania to exchange the armies, and that the assembly should not be announced before he had returned thence, having completed the business entrusted to him, so that you might have the consul whom the exigency of the state demanded, and whom you most desire.” Thus, concerning the assembly, there was silence until Marcellus returned.
interea duumviri creati sunt Q. Fabius Maximus et T. Otacilius Crassus aedibus dedicandis, Menti Otacilius, Fabius Veneri Erucinae; utraque in Capitolio est, canali uno discretae.
Meanwhile, Q. Fabius Maximus and T. Otacilius Crassus were appointed commissioners of two for dedicating the temples: Otacilius for that of Mind, Fabius for that of Venus of Eryx; both are on the Capitol, separated by a single channel.
et de trecentis equitibus Campanis, qui in Sicilia cum fide stipendiis emeritis Romam venerant, latum ad populum, ut cives Romani essent, item uti municipes Cumani essent ex pridie, quam populus Campanus a populo Romano defecisset.
And concerning the three hundred Campanian horsemen who, after completing their service with fidelity in Sicily, had come to Rome, a proposal was brought before the people that they should be Roman citizens, and also that they should be citizens of Cumae from the day before the Campanian people revolted from the Roman people.
maxime, ut hoc ferretur, moverat, quod, quorum hominum essent, scire se ipsi negabant, vetere patria relicta in eamcivitatem, in quam redierant, nondum adsciti.
The chief motive for proposing this was that they themselves denied that they knew of what nation they were, since they had left their old country and had not yet been admitted into that state to which they had returned.
postquam Marcellus ab exercitu rediit, comitia consuli subrogando in locum L. Postumii edicuntur.
After Marcellus returned from the army, the assembly for electing a consul to succeed L. Postumius was announced.
creatur ingenti consensu Marcellus, qui extemplo magistratum occiperet. cui ineunti consulatum cum tenuisset,4 vocati augures vitio creatum videri5 pronuntiaverunt; volgoque patres ita fama ferebant, quod tum primum duo plebei consules facti essent, id deis cordi non esse.
Marcellus was elected with immense consensus to enter upon the magistracy immediately. As he was entering upon his consulship, when it had thundered, the augurs, being called, declared that he seemed to have been elected with a flaw; and the patricians commonly spread the report that, because for the first time then two plebeian consuls had been made, this was not pleasing to the gods.
in locum Marcelli, ubi is se magistratu abdicavit, suffectus Q. Fabius Maximus tertium. mare arsit eo anno;
In the place of Marcellus, when he abdicated the magistracy, Q. Fabius Maximus was substituted for the third time. The sea was on fire that year;
ad Sinuessam bos eculeum peperit; signa Lanuvii ad Iunonis Sospitae cruore manavere, lapidibusque circa id templum pluit. ob quem imbrem novemdiale, ut adsolet, sacrum fuit, ceteraque prodigia cum cura expiata.
at Sinuessa a cow brought forth a colt; the statues at Lanuvium in the temple of Juno Sospita sweated blood, and it rained stones around that temple. On account of which rain, a nine days’ festival, as is usual, was held, and the other prodigies were carefully expiated.
- 23.31.2duplex tributum imperaretur, simplex confestim exigeretur
The word simplex functions as the subject, with tributum understood from the preceding duplex tributum, meaning "one fold (half) of the double tribute should be collected immediately."
- 23.31.3Cales
The accusative plural of the town name Cales, -ium, expressing motion towards a place without a preposition, functioning alongside the gerundial phrase ad conveniendum.
- 23.31.4quae ibi legiones essent
A relative clause displaying antecedent attraction, where the noun legiones is incorporated into the relative clause itself. The whole structure is picked up by the demonstrative eas in the main clause.
- 23.31.13cum tenuisset
Although the manuscripts read cum tenuisset, it is commonly understood as a variant or corruption of cum tonuisset ("when it had thundered," from the impersonal verb tonare), which aligns with the historical and religious context of aborting an assembly due to thunder.
- 23.31.13vitio creatum videri
The ablative vitio (from vitium) expresses manner or cause ("with an electoral flaw"). creatum is an infinitive with its subject accusative (Marcellus) omitted, functioning as the complement of videri.