- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.46.1-21.46.10
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-23
The Roman army, frightened by bad omens, clashes with the Carthaginian army near the Ticinus River during a reconnaissance mission. The Romans are defeated due to the encirclement by Numidian cavalry and the wounding of the consul Scipio, who is saved by his young son.
apud Romanos haudquaquam tanta alacritas erat, super cetera recentibus etiam territos1 prodigiis;
Among the Romans, there was by no means such great alacrity, they having been terrified, besides other things, also by recent prodigies;
nam et lupus intraverat castra laniatisque obviis ipse intactus evaserat, et examen apum in arbore praetorio imminente consederat.
for both a wolf had entered the camp and, having torn those in his way, had himself escaped untouched, and a swarm of bees had settled on a tree overhanging the general’s tent.
quibus procuratis Scipio cum equitatu iaculatoribusque expeditis profectus ad castra hostium ex propinquo copiasque, quantae et cuius generis essent, speculandas, obvius fit Hannibali et ipsi cum equitibus ad exploranda circa loca progresso.
These prodigies having been expiated, Scipio set out with the cavalry and light-armed javelin-throwers to reconnoitre the camp of the enemy from nearby, and their forces, of what size and of what kind they were, and met Hannibal, who himself had also advanced with cavalry to explore the surrounding places.
neutri alteros primo cernebant; densior deinde incessu tot hominum et equorum oriens pulvis signum propinquantium hostium fuit. consistit utrumque agmen, et ad proelium sese expediebant.
Neither at first saw the other; then a dust cloud, rising thicker from the march of so many men and horses, was a sign of the approaching enemy. Each army halted, and they prepared themselves for battle.
Scipio iaculatores et Gallos equites in fronte locat, Romanos sociorumque quod roboris2 fuit, in subsidiis; Hannibal frenatos equites in medium accipit, cornua Numidis firmat.
Scipio places the javelin-throwers and the Gallic cavalry in front, and the Romans and whatever of strength there was of the allies, in reserve; Hannibal receives the bridled cavalry in the center, and strengthens the wings with the Numidians.
vixdum clamore sublato iaculatores fugerunt inter subsidia ad secundam aciem. inde equitum certamen erat aliquamdiu anceps; dein, quia turbabant equos pedites intermixti, multis labentibus ex equis aut desilientibus, ubi suos premi circumventos vidissent, iam magna ex parte ad pedes pugna venerat, donec Numidae, qui in cornibus erant, circumvecti paulum ab tergo se ostenderunt. is pavor perculit Romanos, auxitque pavorem consulis vulnus periculumque intercursu tum primum pubescentis fili propulsatum.
Scarcely had the shout been raised when the javelin-throwers fled through the reserves to the second line. Thence the contest of the cavalry was for some time undecided; then, because the intermingled infantry frightened the horses, many falling from their horses or leaping down when they saw their men hard pressed and surrounded, the battle had now largely come to a fight on foot, until the Numidians, who were on the wings, having ridden round, showed themselves a little from the rear. This terror struck the Romans, and the wound of the consul and his danger, averted by the intervention of his son, then first coming to manhood, increased the terror.
hic erit3 iuvenis, penes quem perfecti huiusce belli laus est, Africanus ob egregiam victoriam de Hannibale Poenisque appellatus.
This will be the youth, in whose hands is the glory of finishing this war, called Africanus on account of his extraordinary victory over Hannibal and the Carthaginians.
fuga tamen effusa iaculatorum maxume fruit, quos primos Numidae invaserunt; alius confertus equitatus consulem in medium acceptum non armis modo sed etiam corporibus suis protegens in castra nusquam trepide neque effuse cedendo reduxit.
The scattered flight, however, was chiefly that of the javelin-throwers, whom the Numidians first attacked; the rest of the cavalry, in close array, receiving the consul into their midst and protecting him not only with their arms but also with their bodies, brought him back to the camp, retreating nowhere in panic or in disorder.
servati consulis decus Coelius ad servum natione Ligurem delegat; malim equidem de filio verum esse, quod et plures tradidere auctores et fama obtinuit.
Coelius assigns the glory of having saved the consul to a slave of the Ligurian nation; I for my part should prefer it to be true concerning the son, which both more authors have handed down and tradition has maintained.
- 21.46.1territos
A perfect passive participle agreeing with the accusative noun Romanos within the prepositional phrase apud Romanos. Although grammatically modifying the object of the preposition, it functions semantically as the logical subject of the main clause ("since the Romans were terrified...").
- 21.46.5sociorumque quod roboris
A combination of the neuter relative pronoun quod (nominative singular) and the partitive genitive roboris (genitive singular of the noun robur meaning "strength" or "elite"). It literally means "whatever of strength there was of the allies," referring to the elite of the allied forces.
- 21.46.8erit
The third-person singular future indicative of the verb sum. In stating an objective fact from the perspective of the narrative present ("he is the one who will be called Africanus"), it uses the "epistemic or prophetic future" to anticipate a historical fact that will become known to the reader later.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (2, latest 2026-09-22)
- 2026-09-22 AI review — source 1
- 2026-09-21 AI review — translation 1