- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.2.1-21.2.7
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-23
After the death of Hamilcar, Hasdrubal held the supreme command with the support of the Barcine faction, expanding Carthaginian influence through diplomacy until his assassination, which led Rome to renew the treaty establishing the Ebro as the boundary.
his anxius curis ita se Africo bello, quod fuit sub recentem Romanam pacem, per quinque annos, ita deinde novem annis in Hispania augendo Punico imperio1 gessit, ut appareret, maius eum, quam quod gereret, agitare in animo bellum et, si diutius vixisset, Hamilcare duce Poenos arma Italiae inlaturos fuisse,2 quae Hannibalis ductu intulerunt. mors Hamilcaris peropportuna3 et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum. medius Hasdrubal inter patrem ac filium octo ferme annos imperium obtinuit, flore aetatis,4 uti ferunt, primo Hamilcari conciliatus, gener inde ob aliam indolem profecto animi adscitus et, quia gener erat, factionis Barcinae opibus, quae apud milites plebemque plus quam modicae erant, haud sane voluntate principum in imperio positus.
Anxious with these cares, he so conducted himself for five years in the African war, which occurred immediately after the recent peace with Rome, and then for nine years in Spain in expanding the Carthaginian empire, that it was apparent that he was revolving in his mind a greater war than the one he was waging, and that, if he had lived longer, the Carthaginians, under the leadership of Hamilcar, would have brought against Italy those arms which they did bring under the leadership of Hannibal. The very timely death of Hamilcar and the childhood of Hannibal delayed the war. In the interval, Hasdrubal held the supreme command for about eight years between the father and the son; having first, as they say, been recommended to Hamilcar by the flower of his youth, subsequently adopted as his son-in-law on account of a different character of mind, no doubt, and, because he was the son-in-law, placed in power by the influence of the Barcine faction, which was more than moderate among the soldiers and the common people, certainly not by the will of the leading men.
is plura consilio quam vi gerens hospitiis magis regulorum conciliandisque per amicitiam principum novis gentibus quam bello aut armis rem Carthaginiensem auxit. ceterum nihilo ei pax tutior fuit:
Conducting more affairs by policy than by force, he increased the Carthaginian power more by the guest-friendships of petty kings and by winning over new nations through the friendship of their chiefs, than by war or arms. But his peace was not at all safer for him:
barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini5 obtruncavit, conprensusque ab circumstantibus haud alio, quam si evasisset, vultu, tormentis quoque cum laceraretur, eo fuit habitu oris, ut superante laetitia dolores ridentis etiam speciem praebuerit.
a certain barbarian openly slew him because of anger over his master having been killed by him, and, when seized by the bystanders, with no other expression of face than if he had escaped, even when he was being tortured, he showed such an expression of countenance that, joy overcoming his pains, he even presented the appearance of one laughing.
cum hoc Hasdrubale, quia mirae artis in sollicitandis gentibus imperioque suo iungendis fuerat, foedus renovaverat populus Romanus, ut finis utriusque imperii esset amnis Hiberus Saguntinisque mediis inter imperia duorum populorum libertas servaretur.
With this Hasdrubal, because he had been of wonderful skill in soliciting nations and joining them to his empire, the Roman people had renewed the treaty, so that the river Ebro should be the boundary of each empire, and that liberty should be preserved to the Saguntines, who were midway between the empires of the two peoples.
- 21.2.1augendo Punico imperio
Ablative of gerundive construction, expressing means or circumstance ('in expanding the Carthaginian empire').
- 21.2.2inlaturos fuisse
The apodosis of a conditional sentence si diutius vixisset (contrary to fact in the past), taking the form of the future active participle with fuisse in indirect discourse under ut appareret. In a direct statement, this would correspond to the pluperfect subjunctive intulissent.
- 21.2.2mors Hamilcaris peropportuna
This clause is closely connected to et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum in §21.2.3. Since there are compound subjects (mors and pueritia), the verb distulerunt is in the plural. The sentence structure spans across the section boundary.
- 21.2.3flore aetatis
Ablative of means or cause. 'By the flower of youth'. It indicates that Hasdrubal gained Hamilcar's favor in his youth due to his physical beauty.
- 21.2.6ob iram interfecti ab eo domini
The phrase interfecti domini combines a noun with a perfect passive participle to represent the action itself ('the killing of his master'). ab eo ('by him', i.e., Hasdrubal) modifies interfecti.