- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:21.16.1-21.16.6
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-23
Upon learning of the fall of Saguntum and Carthage's hostile stance, the Roman Senate is thrown into panic and grief, dreading an unprecedented war that will bring a seasoned Carthaginian army to the very walls of Rome.
sub idem fere tempus et legati, qui redierant ab Carthagine, Romam rettulerunt omnia hostilia esse, et Sagunti excidium nuntiatum est;
At about the same time, both the envoys who had returned from Carthage reported to Rome that everything was hostile, and the destruction of Saguntum was announced.
tantusque simul maeror patres misericordiaque sociorum peremptorum indigne et pudor non lati auxilii1 et ira in Carthaginienses metusque de summa rerum cepit, velut si iam ad portas hostis esset, ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent:
And at the same time, so great a grief and pity for their allies unworthily destroyed, and shame for not having brought aid, and anger against the Carthaginians, and fear for the safety of the state seized the senators—just as if the enemy were already at the gates—that, troubled by so many emotions at one time, they trembled with fear rather than deliberated.
nam neque hostem acriorem2 bellicosioremque secum congressum nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse atque inbellem. Sardos Corsosque et Histros atque Illyrios lacessisse magis quam exercuisse Romana arma, et cum Gallis tumultuatum verius quam belligeratum;3
For they felt that they had never clashed with a fiercer and more warlike enemy, nor had the Roman state ever been so sluggish and unwarready. That the Sardinians and Corsicans, and the Histrians and Illyrians had provoked rather than exercised Roman arms, and with the Gauls there had been a tumult rather than a regular war.
Poenum hostem4 veteranum trium et viginti annorum militia durissima inter Hispanas gentes, semper victorem, duci acerrimo adsuetum, recentem ab excidio opulentissimae urbis Hiberum transire, trahere secum tot excitos Hispanorum populos, conciturum avidas semper armorum Gallicas gentes: cum orbe terrarum bellum gerendum in Italia ac pro moenibus Romanis esse.
On the other hand, the Carthaginian enemy, a veteran of twenty-three years of the hardest service among the Spanish tribes, always victorious, accustomed to the fiercest leader, fresh from the destruction of a most wealthy city, was crossing the Ebro, dragging with him so many excited Spanish peoples, and was about to rouse the Gallic tribes, who are always eager for arms; a war against the whole world would have to be waged in Italy and before the very walls of Rome.
- 21.16.2pudor non lati auxilii
non lati is the genitive of the perfect passive participle latus of ferre (to bring), agreeing with auxilii. It forms an 'ab Urbe condita construction' where the participle carries the main idea ('the fact that aid was not brought'). This entire phrase functions as an objective genitive modifying pudor.
- 21.16.3nam neque hostem acriorem...
From here to the end of chapter 16 (§21.16.6), a series of accusative and infinitive clauses in indirect discourse (oratio obliqua) follows, representing the thoughts and apprehensions of the senators. The governing verb of thinking or saying (e.g., 'they thought', 'they lamented') is omitted but implied by their state of mind described in the preceding section (tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati).
- 21.16.4tumultuatum verius quam belligeratum
tumultuatum (esse) and belligeratum (esse) are impersonal passive perfect infinitives. Literally, 'it had been rioted rather than warred', meaning that the conflicts with the Gauls were mere sudden uprisings (tumultus) rather than regular, organized warfare (bellum).
- 21.16.5Poenum hostem
The subject accusative in the indirect discourse. The main predicate infinitives agreeing with or governing this subject are transire (present infinitive) in this section, and trahere (present infinitive) and conciturum [esse] (future infinitive) in §21.16.6.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — source 1