- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:10.45.1-10.45.14
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-23
While Rome rejoiced over the consuls' letters, news of an Etruscan rebellion and Faliscan involvement led to an expedition to Etruria. Meanwhile, the consuls Carvilius and Papirius successfully besieged and captured several Samnite cities.
litterae consulum ingenti laetitia et in curia et in contione auditae, et quadridui supplicatione publicum gaudium privatis studiis celebratum est.
The letters of the consuls were heard with immense joy both in the senate-house and in the assembly, and the public gladness was celebrated with private enthusiasm during a four days’ thanksgiving.
nec populo Romano magna solum sed peropportuna etiam ea victoria fuit, quia per idem forte tempus rebellasse Etruscos adlatum est.
And this victory was not only great but also highly opportune for the Roman people, because it was reported that about the same time, by chance, the Etruscans had revolted.
subibat cogitatio animum, quonam modo tolerabilis futura Etruria fuisset,1 si quid in Samnio adversi evenisset, quae coniuratione Samnitium erecta, quoniam ambo consules omnisque Romana vis aversa in Samnium esset, occupationem populi Romani pro occasione rebellandi habuisset.
The thought entered their minds, in what way Etruria would have been tolerable, if any disaster had occurred in Samnium; for Etruria, excited by the conspiracy of the Samnites, had regarded the preoccupation of the Roman people as an opportunity for rebellion, since both consuls and the entire Roman force were turned away into Samnium.
legationes sociorum, a M. Atilio praetore in senatum introductae, querebantur uri ac vastari agros a finitimis Etruscis, quod desciscere a populo Romano nollent, obtestabanturque patres conscriptos, ut se a vi atque iniuria communium hostium tutarentur. responsum legatis curae senatui futurum, ne socios fidei suae paeniteret; Etruscorum prope diem eandem fortunam quam Samnitium fore.
The embassies of the allies, introduced into the senate by the praetor Marcus Atilius, complained that their lands were being burned and devastated by their neighboring Etruscans, because they refused to revolt from the Roman people, and they implored the conscript fathers to protect them from the violence and injustice of their common enemies. The answer given to the envoys was that the senate would take care that the allies should not regret their loyalty, and that the fortune of the Etruscans would soon be the same as that of the Samnites.
segnius tamen, quod ad Etruriam adtinebat, acta res esset, ni Faliscos quoque, qui per multos annos in amicitia fuerant, adlatum foret2 arma Etruscis iunxisse. huius propinquitas populi acuit curam patribus, ut fetiales mittendos ad res repetendas censerent. quibus non redditis ex auctoritate patrum iussu populi bellum Faliscis indictum est iussique consules sortiri, uter ex Samnio in Etruriam cum exercitu transiret.
Nevertheless, action would have been taken more sluggishly in regard to Etruria, had it not been reported that the Falisci also, who had been in friendship for many years, had joined their arms with the Etruscans. The proximity of this people sharpened the concern of the fathers, so that they decreed that fetials should be sent to demand redress. When these things were not restored, war was declared against the Falisci by the authority of the fathers and by order of the people, and the consuls were ordered to cast lots as to which of them should cross over with an army from Samnium into Etruria.
iam Carvilius Veliam et Palumbinum et Herculaneum ex Samnitibus ceperat, Veliam intra paucos dies, Palumbinum eodem, quo ad muros accessit.
By now Carvilius had taken Velia, Palumbinum, and Herculaneum from the Samnites: Velia within a few days, Palumbinum on the very day he approached its walls.
ad Herculaneum etiam signis conlatis ancipiti proelio et cum maiore sua quam hostium iactura dimicavit; castris deinde positis moenibus hostem inclusit;
At Herculaneum he fought even in a pitched battle with doubtful issue and with greater loss to his own men than to the enemy; then, having pitched camp, he shut the enemy within their walls;
oppugnatum oppidum captumque. in his tribus urbibus capta aut caesa ad decem milia hominum, ita ut parvo admodum plures caperentur. sortientibus provincias consulibus Etruria Carvilio evenit secundum vota militum, qui vim frigoris iam in Samnio non patiebantur. Papirio ad Saepinum maior vis hostium restitit.
the besieged town was taken. In these three cities about ten thousand men were captured or slain, so that only a very few more were captured. When the consuls cast lots for their provinces, Etruria fell to Carvilius, according to the wishes of the soldiers, who could no longer endure the severity of the cold in Samnium. Against Papirius at Saepinum, a larger force of the enemy resisted.
saepe in acie, saepe in agmine, saepe circa ipsam urbem adversus eruptiones hostium pugnatum. nec obsidio, sed bellum ex aequo erat; non enim muris magis se Samnites quam armis ac viris moenia tutabantur.3
Often they fought in the line of battle, often on the march, often around the city itself against the sallies of the enemy. It was not a siege, but an equal war; for the Samnites did not protect themselves by their walls more than the walls were protected by their arms and men.
tandem pugnando in obsidionem iustam coegit hostes obsidendoque vi atque operibus urbem expugnavit. itaque ab ira plus caedis editum capta urbe:
At last, by fighting, he forced the enemy into a regular siege, and by besieging he took the city by force and siege works. Therefore, more slaughter was caused by anger when the city was taken:
septem milia quadringenti caesi, capta minus tria milia hominum. praeda, quae plurima fuit congestis Samnitium rebus in urbes paucas, militi concessa est.
seven thousand four hundred were slain, and fewer than three thousand men were captured. The booty, which was very abundant since the property of the Samnites had been gathered into a few cities, was granted to the soldiers.
- 10.45.3tolerabilis futura Etruria fuisset
This is the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence inside an indirect question. The combination of the future active participle futura and fuisset represents the subjunctive pluperfect, corresponding to the protasis si quid... evenisset.
- 10.45.6adlatum foret
foret is the imperfect subjunctive equivalent to esset. The subject is the accusative and infinitive clause Faliscos... iunxisse, with adlatum foret acting as an impersonal passive construction ('had it not been reported that...'), serving as the protasis of the conditional sentence.
- 10.45.12non enim muris magis se Samnites quam armis ac viris moenia tutabantur
In the first clause, Samnites is the subject, with the reflexive pronoun se as the object, governing the omitted verb tutabantur. In the second clause, moenia becomes the subject, with armis ac viris as the ablative of means. This creates a clever stylistic contrast by switching the subjects.