- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
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- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:1.30.1-1.30.10
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-05
With the integration of Alba Longa, Rome's population and infrastructure expand, and Alban elites are incorporated into the senate and military. King Tullus, confident in his increased strength, declares war on the Sabines following mutual grievances, securing a decisive victory in the first battle through his newly reinforced cavalry.
Roma interim crescit Albae ruinis. duplicatur civium numerus; Caelius additur urbi mons, et, quo frequentius habitaretur,1 eam sedem Tullus regiae capit ibique deinde habitavit.
Meanwhile, Rome grew on the ruins of Alba. The number of citizens was doubled; the Caelian Hill was added to the city, and, in order that it might be more thickly populated, Tullus chose that site for his palace and dwelt there thereafter.
principes Albanorum in patres, ut ea quoque pars rei publicae cresceret, legit: Iulios, Servilios, Quinctios, Geganios, Curiatios, Cloelios; templumque ordini ab se aucto curiam fecit,2 quae Hostilia usque ad patrum nostrorum aetatem appellata est.
He enrolled the leading men of the Albans among the patricians, so that this part of the commonwealth also might increase: the Julii, Servilii, Quinctii, Geganii, Curiatii, and Cloelii; and for the order that had been enlarged by him, he made a consecrated place the senate-house, which was called Hostilia down to the time of our fathers.
et ut omnium ordinum viribus aliquid ex novo populo adiceretur, equitum decem turmas ex Albanis legit, legiones et veteres eodem supplemento explevit et novas scripsit. hac fiducia virium Tullus Sabinis bellum indicit, genti ea tempestate secundum Etruscos opulentissimae viris armisque.
And so that something might be added from the new people to the strength of all orders, he enrolled ten troops of cavalry from among the Albans, filled up the old legions with the same supplement, and enrolled new ones. With this confidence in his strength, Tullus declared war on the Sabines, a nation at that time, next to the Etruscans, most wealthy in men and arms.
utrimque iniuriae factae ac res nequiquam erant repetitae: Tullus ad Feroniae fanum mercatu frequenti negotiatores Romanos conprehensos querebatur, Sabini suos priua3 in lucum confugisse ac Romae retentos.
Grievances had been committed on both sides and restitution had been demanded in vain: Tullus complained that Roman merchants had been seized at the crowded market near the temple of Feronia, while the Sabines complained that their private property (slaves) had fled into the sacred grove and were retained at Rome.
hae causae belli ferebantur. Sabini, haud parum memores et suarum virium partem Romae ab Tatio locatam et Romanam rem nuper etiam adiectione populi Albani auctam, circumspicere4 et ipsi externa auxilia.
These were alleged as the causes of the war. The Sabines, by no means unmindful that a part of their own strength had been settled at Rome by Tatius and that the Roman power had recently been increased by the addition of the Alban people, themselves also began to look around for foreign aid.
Etruria erat vicina, proximi Etruscorum Veientes. inde ob residuas bellorum iras maxime sollicitatis ad defectionem animis voluntarios traxere, et apud vagos quosdam ex inopi plebe etiam merces valuit; publico auxilio nullo adiuti sunt, valuitque apud Veientes — nam de ceteris minus mirum est — pacta cum Romulo indutiarum fides.
Etruria was neighboring, and the closest of the Etruscans were the Veientes. From there, having stirred up minds that were most incited to defection because of the remaining anger from past wars, they drew volunteers, and among certain vagrants of the needy populace even pay was effective; they were aided by no public help, and among the Veientes—for as to the others it is less surprising—the pledged faith of the truce made with Romulus remained effective.
cum bellum utrimque summa ope pararent vertique in eo res videretur, utri prius arma inferrent, occupat Tullus in agrum Sabinum transire.5
When both sides were preparing for war with their utmost power, and the issue seemed to turn on which should first bring in arms, Tullus anticipated them by crossing into the Sabine territory.
pugna atrox ad silvam Malitiosam fuit, ubi et peditum quidem robore, ceterum equitatu aucto nuper plurimum Romana acies valuit.
There was a fierce battle at the Malitiosa Forest, where the Roman line prevailed greatly, indeed by the strength of their infantry, but especially by their recently enlarged cavalry.
ab equitibus repente invectis turbati ordines sunt Sabinorum; nec pugna deinde illis constare nec fuga explicari sine magna caede potuit.6
The ranks of the Sabines were thrown into confusion by the cavalry suddenly charging; and thereafter, it was neither possible for them to maintain the fight nor to extricate themselves by flight without a great slaughter.
- 1.30.1quo frequentius habitaretur
The conjunction quo (equivalent to ut eo) introduces a purpose clause accompanied by the comparative adverb frequentius. The verb habitaretur is in the imperfect subjunctive passive third-person singular, used impersonally to mean 'in order that it might be more thickly populated'.
- 1.30.2templumque ordini ab se aucto curiam fecit
A construction akin to a double accusative, where templum (a consecrated space, here the site of the senate-house) is the direct object and curiam (senate-house) is the predicate accusative. ordini ab se aucto is a dative of advantage referring to 'the order (the senate) enlarged by him'.
- 1.30.5suos priua
A textual difficulty. The neuter plural accusative priva from the adjective privus ('individual', 'private'), used in conjunction with the pronominal adjective suos, is generally interpreted substantively to mean 'their private properties' (such as slaves). While some suggest it is a corruption of privatos ('private citizens'), it is translated here as 'their private property'.
- 1.30.6circumspicere
A historical infinitive. It functions as the main verb for the subject Sabini, carrying the force of the imperfect indicative, to depict the urgency and vividness of the situation.
- 1.30.8occupat ... transire
An idiomatic construction of the verb occupare with an infinitive, meaning 'to anticipate someone in doing something' or 'to be the first to do something'. This parallels the Greek construction of φθάνω with a participle.
- 1.30.10nec pugna deinde illis constare nec fuga explicari ... potuit
Two infinitive clauses, pugna ... constare (the fight to hold ground) and fuga ... explicari (flight to be unfolded/accomplished), stand in parallel with their respective subjects, governed by the main verb potuit. illis is a dative of reference ('for them').